SCIENCE IS THE ASKING OF QUESTIONS AND THE SEEKING OF ANSWERS

This year at St. Matthew School we are all exploring topics in Oceanography and Ocean Life.  Every class in every subject in every grade will include some exploration of these exciting subjects.  Once a month (the last Wednesday of each month) two classes will get together and do a joint project relating to Oceans.  Each unit listed above will include some material relating to Oceanography or Ocean Life.   

 

SCIENCE TEST STUDY GUIDE

Test Date – Wednesday, November 11th.  If the Veterans' Day Schedule interferes with the Science class, the test will be Thursday.

 

TOPICS IN CHEMISTRY STUDY GUIDE

You should use this study guide to help you study.   You will get a printed copy of this in class. You should also use your notes on How Leaves Change color and your text book to study.  I am leaving blanks on the study guide  you receive in class so when we go over it, you can add your own notes.

 

1.  States of Matter

There are three states of matter.

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Know how the molecules behave in each state.

 

The change from one state to another is a PHYSICAL CHANGE and is always caused by energy – which is HEAT. 

2. Describing Matter

 

MATTER is anything that has mass and takes up space.

 

MASS is made up of molecules

 

VOLUME is the amount of space something takes up.

 

DENSITY is how closely molecules are packed together in mass.

 

WEIGHT is a measure of the pull of gravity on an object.

MASS is the measure of how much matter is in an object

 

Remember – No matter where something is – Mass stays the same, but weight can be different.  For example a ball of clay has the same mass on a table and in a glass of water, however it weighs more on the table than it does in the water.

3.  Physical and Chemical Changes

 

Physical Changes  do NOT result in new chemicals. 

 

Changes of state are ALWAYS Physical Changes

 

Examples of Physical Changes:

Tearing Paper

Forming paper into different shapes

Heating water to become steam

Melting marshmallows

Freezing cream and sugar to make ice cream.

Separating out the colors in a black marker.

 

Chemical Changes result in regrouping of elements to become new molecules.  NEW chemicals are formed.

 

Burning is always a chemical change.

 

Examples of Chemical Changes:

Burning wood

Mixing sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and vinegar creating carbon dioxide gas.

Mixing peroxide and yeast to create oxygen gas

 

4.  Fall Leaf Color Changes

 

There are two major types of trees

Conifers: Know as “evergreens,” these trees form their seeds in cones and do not change color in the fall.

Deciduous:  The trees whose leaves change color in the fall.  These trees lose most of their leaves in the autumn.

 

 Use your note paper “Why Do Leaves Change Color,” to study for this section.  You need to know:

1.  Why leaves change from green to yellow, orange or brown.

2.  The name of the pigment (dye) that is responsible for the yellow, orange or brown color.

3.  Why leaves change from green to red.

4.  The name of the pigment (dye) that is responsible for the red color in leaves.

5.  Why leaves fall from the trees in the fall.

 

6.  What Happens to the leaves once they are on the ground?

 Dry leaves are a favorite food of earthworms.  The worms come to the surface and pull pieces of leaves into the soil.  As the worm digest the leaves the bacteria in their digestive track break down the leaves into chemicals that are important for good soil (This is a CHEMICAL change.)  Bacteria and other small organisms in the soil also feed directly on the leaves.

 

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