Freqently missed questions
Intro Unit:
*Controlled experiment to test hypothesis (one variable at a time)
*hypothesis=a possible explanation of an observation/question;
*Volcanic eruption--could cause global cooling for a year or two
*SI=system international=metric
*mass=grams/kg
*volume=liters/mL
*science models: to replace real things in the natural world
*scientists communicate the results of their experiment after analyzing data
and drawing conclusions about the analysis
*When you finish with an experiment, the data may lead to new questions and
further investigations
*theory-after MANY experiments and observations
Geology I (rocks, minerals, weathering/erosion/deposition, layers of earth)
*fracture vs cleavage
*solid lava is igneous rock
*asphalt is not a rock (man made)
*do not use hardness to identify rocks (only minerals) because one rock
contains several minerals so there would be several hardnesses
*If you find seashells in a rock, it's sedimentary (probably limestone)
*Weather creates sediments (erosion just moves the sediments around)
*Compaction and cementation creates sedimentary rock
*when you dig deep into the earth, it gets hotter (doesn't depend on how
close you are to the equator because you're deep in the earth)
*oceanic crust (basalt) is denser than continental crust (granite) so it will
subduct
*heavy rainfall increases the chance of a landslide or avalanche
*know the difference between abrasion and ice wedging (both mechanical
weathering)
*examples of chemical weathering are: acids in plant roots such as lichen,
as well as oxidation (rusting and tarnishing)
*inner and outer core are mostly made of iron (and some nickel)
*inner core=solid
*outer core=liquid
*terracing reduces (does not eliminate) erosion on the side of hills
*older mountains are smoother (more weathering and erosion)
Geology 2 (plate tectonics, volcanoes, earthquakes, fossils):
*Law of superposition=younger rock on the top (if undisturbed)
Water (fresh and salty):
*97% of water on earth is salty
*3% is fresh (mostly frozen--so not useable)
*total amt of water on earth is the same as when the dinosaurs were around
(just changes form via the water cycle)
*about 70-75% of the earth is covered by water
*waves--transfer energy but the motion is circular
Weather:
*uneven heating of earth due to different latitude and materials (ex: sand vs
water)--creating wind (high to low pressure) --land vs sea breeze
*weather maps (fronts and H/L pressure)
*latitude and closeness to water changes an air mass' characteristics
*hurricanes (large and need warm, moist air)--so form near tropics
Astronomy:
geocentric/heliocentric models
location of our solar system in our galaxy (Milky Way)
