November 30- December 4
Human Body Part 3 ( nervous and digestive systems)
A108-113
The Nervous and Digestive System
1. The main parts of the Nervous System are the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs.
2. The job of the Nervous System is to control all body systems.
3. The brain is the control center of the nervous system.
4. The brain uses information it gets from your body to direct how each body system works.
5. The brain and all other parts of the nervous system are made up of nerve cells, or neurons.
6. Groups of neurons are called nerves and they pass along information.
7. Your spinal cord is a tube of nerves that runs through your spine, or backbone.
8. When a person swings a bat, the muscles receive a message from the brain to swing the arms.
9. The main parts of the digestive system is the mouth, esophagus, stomach and intestine.
10. The job of the digestive system is to provide nutrients to the body.
11. Digestion begins in the mouth when you grind up food with your teeth.
12. Saliva softens the food.
13. After you swallow, the food enters your esophagus which connects your mouth with your stomach.
14. The stomach muscles squeeze the food and mix it with digestive juices.
15. The food is then passed on into the small intestine where the nutrients pass through the walls into the blood. The blood carries the nutrients to the body’s cells.
16. Lastly, the food reaches the large intestine and is then passed through the body.
17. Fiber helps your digestive system work well. Eat foods with fiber, such as fresh vegetables, beans, fruits, cereals, and breads. |
The Human Body and Nutrition Part 1 of 3
http://sciencelessons1.wikispaces.com/file/view/The+Human+Body+Part+1+of+3.ppt
The Skeletal and Muscular Systems
1. The food pyramid is the daily food guide recommended by the USDA. The guide shows us what foods we need each day and in what proportions.
2. We need the right amounts of good food to keep our bodies healthy so we are able to play and work at our best.
3. Some stripes on the pyramid are wider than others. The different sizes remind you to choose more food from the food groups with the wider stripes.
4. If we eat healthy and exercise regularly, our organs and body systems will work to the best of their abilities.
4. Organs are body parts that do particular jobs.
5. Groups of organs that work together form systems.
6. The main parts of the skeletal system are the bones and joints.
7. The job of the skeletal system is to support the body, protect organs, and help body parts move.
8. Bones give your body shape.
9. Your bones meet at joints. Some joints open and close as the hinge of a door does. Your knees work this way.
10. Other joints let a bone move in many directions. Your shoulder works this way.
11. Calcium helps bones grow and makes them strong. Dairy products like milk, cheese, and yogurt contain calcium.
12. The main parts of the muscular system are striated, smooth, and cardiac muscles.
13. The job of the muscular system is to move body parts.
14. Cardiac muscles work automatically-without you thinking about it.
15. Exercise makes your muscles stronger and larger. You can swim, walk the dog, play sports, ride your bike, or even climb stairs.
16. Carbohydrates provide your body with energy. The best sources of carbohydrates—whole grains, vegetables, fruits and beans—promote good health by delivering vitamins, minerals, fiber, and a host of important nutrients.
17. Warming up by moving all your big muscles for five to ten minutes before you exercise helps prevent injury or pain.
18. The fact on “fats” is: we all need fats. Fat helps nutrient absorptions well as many other things.
However, when consumed in excessive amount, fats contribute to weight gain, heart disease and certain types of cancer. The key is to replace bad fats with good fats in our diet.
• Good fats are found in foods such as: nuts and olive oil
• Bad fats are often found in packaged foods or foods fried in vegetable oils; such as: French fries and bacon
October 12, 2009
Life Science: Animals Part 2
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Classroom Slideshow Project/ Webquest
Life Science-Animals
Part 2 of 2
1. An adaptation is a body part or behavior that helps an animal meet its needs in its environment.
2. Four examples of body part adaptations to meet basic needs are beaks, body coverings, camouflage, and mimicry.
3. Beaks can be thick and heavy to crack open seeds, short and stubby to eat fruit, or sharp and pointed to eat insects.
4. There are three different kinds of body coverings: feathers, fur or hair, and scales.
5. Feathers protect birds and help them fly. Fur or Hair keeps an animal warm. Scales help protect fish from other animals that live in water and reptiles from drying out.
6. A polar bear having clear hair that allows the light to pass through is an example of how animals have special adaptations to meet the needs in their environment.
7. Camouflage is an animal’s color or pattern that helps it blend in with its surroundings.
Example: The dark skin on an alligators back makes it blend into the swamps where it lives.
8. Mimicry is an adaptation in which an animal looks very much like another animal.
Example: The viceroy butterfly is a mimic because it looks like a bad-tasting monarch butterfly.
9. An instinct is a behavior that an animal BEGINS life with. This is not a LEARNED behavior.
10. One example of an instinct is Migration. Migration is the movement of a group of one type of animal from on region to another back again.
Example: Some Canadian birds travel south during winter months to find food and a good climate and return to Canada in the spring when the weather warms up.
Example: Some animals have an instinct to migrate to places where their young cans survive. Gray whales spend the summer in areas where they can find food easily-near the North Pole.
11. Not all animals have the instinct to migrate as winter brings colder temperatures and a lack of food. Some animals adapt to these changes by hibernating. Hibernation is a period when an animal goes into a long, deep “sleep.”
12. An animal prepares to hibernate by eating extra food and finding shelter.
13. Animals need little to no food because during hibernation the animal’s body temperature drops and its breathing rate and heart rate falls.
Examples of animals that hibernate: bears and ground squirrels
14. Learned behaviors are not instincts. It is a behavior that developed by watching or hearing other animals.
Example: Tiger cubs learn to hunting skills by watching its mother hunt and by playing with other tiger cubs.
Example: Chimpanzees learn many behaviors that help them survive. Chimps’ uses sounds that help them communicate with one another. Warning/danger sounds as well as happy sounds help them survive.
Example: Teaching a dog how to sit before getting a treat is also a learned behavior.
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September 21, 2009
Life Science: Animals Part 1
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Life Science
Animals-Part 1 of 2
1. Animals can be classified as simple animals or complex animals.
2. A simple animal has very few cells that up make their body. The body is made of few parts Example: sponge or worm
3. Many animals we know are complex animals; they are made up of many parts.
4. Animals can be divided into two groups based on the structures that support their bodies: vertebrates and invertebrates.
5. Vertebrates are animals with a backbone. Examples: birds snakes, bats, and humans
a. A bat is considered a mammal because vertebrates, have fur body coverings, give birth to live young, and nurse or feed their young with milk made by the mother.
6. Invertebrates are animals that do not have a backbone. An outer covering, such as a shell, usually supports the body of an invertebrate.
7. Arthropods are the largest group of invertebrates. Examples: ants, spiders, and crabs.
8. All animals become adults resembling their parents, and produce young of their own.
9. Animals grow and develop in many ways. Insects such as butterflies lay eggs. The eggs hatch into caterpillars. The caterpillar grows and sheds its skin several times. The last time it sheds it seals itself inside a tough shell, or chrysalis. Finally an adult butterfly breaks out of the chrysalis.
THIS PROCESS IS CALLED METAMORPHISIS.
Another animal that goes through metamorphisms is a frog.
10. An environment is everything that surrounds and affects an animal, including living and nonliving things
REMEMBER: An ecosystem is groups of living things and the environment they live in and habit is an environment that meets the needs of an organism.
11. There are five basic needs of animals: climate, oxygen, food, water, and shelter.
12. Climate is the average temperature and rainfall of an area over many years.
13. Animals have adaptations to meet their needs in different environments/ecosystems.
Ex: Animals who can survive with very little water can live in a dry climate. In an wet and warm ecosystem such as a rainforest, monkeys and birds live in the trees.
14. Oxygen is one of the many gases in air. Many land animals get oxygen from breathing in air. Fish get oxygen from the water around them.
15. Food provides animals with the energy and material they need to live and grow.
16. Different animals need different kinds of food. Ex: Zebras and rhinos are plant eaters; while lions and leopards feed on meat provided by other animals.
17. Animals get the water they need for survival from ponds, lakes, streams, and puddles. Others get moisture from the food they eat or as the body produces water as food is digested.
18. Some animals require more water than others. They lose water from sweating, panting, or other means.
19. Animals need shelter so they can protect themselves from other animals or from the weather.
20. Where might a squirrel get food, water, and shelter and how would this be different from a lion?
a. Food: nuts, seeds, berries from trees
b. Water-puddles, water from foods, bird baths
c. Shelter-hollows in trees or nest in trees
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September 14, 2009
There will be a test on these notes on Tuesday.
1. Plants are living (biotic) things.
2. The one big difference between plants and animals is that plants can make their own food.
3. A plant makes its own food by a process called photosynthesis which takes place in the plant's leaves.
4. The process of photosynthesis:
a. Light is trapped in the cholorophyll, the material that makes a leaf green.
b.The plant uses carbon dioxide and water to make the food.
c. The leaves take in carbon dioxide and the roots take in the water.
d. The water travels to the leaves.
e. The leaves use the energy from the light to make food from the carbon dioxide and water.
f. The food that is made is sugar.
g. Oxygen is a waste product of photosynthesis. It is given off by leaves.
5. A plant needs light, carbon dioxide, chlorophyll, and water to carry out photosynthesis. Chlorophyll gives a plant its green color.
6. There are three basic plant parts: leaves, stems, and roots.
7. Leaves come in different shapes and sizes.
8. Leaves help carry out the process of photosynthesis.
9. Stems support plants and give them shape. They also contain tubes that carry water and minerals from the roots and food from the leaves to all parts of the plant. Stems also store water and food.
10. Roots: There are many different types of roots, however most roots are underground and hold plants in the soil. Roots take in water and nuturients that plants need for photosynthesis. Ex. Cacti have roots that grow near the surface because it is easier to collect rain water in their very dry climate.
11. To live, a plant needs four things from its environment : air, nutrients, water, and light.
12. Carbon dioxide is a gas breathed out by animals and taken in by plants.
13. Plants get nutrients from soil and water from rain.
8-31-09
Science and the Environment Part 3
1. What are the two ways ecosystems experience changes?
Ecosystems can experience slow and rapid changes.
2. What are some examples of how natural weather disasters can cause rapid
changes? hurricanes, tornadoes,thunderstorms, fires.
3. What is erosion? Erosion is when the surface of the earth is worn away.
4. What affects the ecosystem more than any other living thing? Humans
5. What are some ways humans affect the environment?
1. They cut down forests.
2. They use chemicals in the wrong way, sometimes causing oil spills which can harm fish.
3. They burn fuels that can damage the earth's atmosphere. This causes the Greenhouse effect.
6. What are two types of resources in the environment?
They are renewable and nonrenewable resources.
7. Renewable resources can be replenished by natural processes.
Example of renewable resources are plants, water, oxygen.
8. Nonrenewable resources cannot be replaced in a reasonable time.
Examples of nonrenewable resources are metals and petroleum products.
9. Conserve means to use things in small amounts or to protect things.
10. Endangered means a living thing is in danger of dying out. There are few of them left.
11. The burning of fossil fuels like oil and coal cause greenouse gases to escape into the air and these gases are causing warming of the earth. This effect is called the Greenhouse Effect.
12. Give an example of how animals can be affected by rapid changes to their
Environment. The Louisiana Black Bear is an example of an animal on the endangered species list due to changes made in the ecosystem.
13. What is causing global warming and the Greenhouse Effect?
The burning of fossil fuels like oil and coal cause greenhouse gases to escape into the air. Another cause is deforestation (cutting down trees). Trees soak up carbon dioxide.
8-24-09
Science and the Environment
Part 2 of 4
1. What is a habitat? An environment that meets the needs of an organism is called its habitat.
2. What is a niche? What would be an example of a birds niche?
A niche is a living things role in their environment. A niche includes all the ways an organism meets its needs: how it gets shelter, how it produces its young, and how it gets food and water. (Example: Part of a bird’s niche, or role, in their habitat is to eat insects. WHY?)
3. What is a food chain? The way energy moves through an ecosystem is through the food chain. There are three parts: producers, consumers, and decomposers
4. What is a producer? A producer is a living thing such as a plant, which makes its own food.
5. A food chain always begins with a producer.
(Hint: The word produce means to make something.)
6. What is a consumer? A consumer is a living thing that eats other living things for energy. The first consumer in a food chain is an herbivore (an animal that eats only plants)
The next consumer is a carnivore (an animal that eats only other animals). A carnivore may be eaten by a larger carnivore. (Hint: Consumers are like grocery shoppers. They have to get their energy from another source.)
7. What is a decomposer? A decomposer is a living thing that feeds on the wastes of plants and animals or on their remains after they die. Decomposers are consumers that break down dead plants and animals. They return materials stored in dead plants and animals to the soil, water, and air. Then green plants use the materials to make food.
(Hint: Decomposers are considered the “clean up” group.)
8. What would be an example of the food chain? Example of a the food chain: plant, rabbit, fox
9. What is a food web? A diagram that shows how these food chains connect and overlap is called a food web.
10. What is an example of a Food Web? Sometimes a consumer is an “omnivore” (an animal that eats both plants and animals).Examples: Black bears are consumers that eat meat and plants.
Review Food Web example on B23
11. Why is the food chain and food web important? The food chain/food web is very important in keeping the stability, or balance in an ecosystem.
12. What might happen if there are too many insect eating birds in a habitat? Birds keep the insect population from becoming too large. If there are too many insect eating birds living in a habitat, the birds will eat the insects until there is not enough to eat. If there is a “balance” the birds will eat what they need and the insects will have a chance to reproduce so that they food chain can run smoothly.
13. What could happen to an ecosystem that had mice if cats were added to it? The mice population would decrease.
8_10-09
Lesson Power Point
Study Guide
Notes: (Notice that answers include question stem- LEAP prep)
1. What makes up an ecosystem? Groups of living things and the environment they live in make up an ecosystem.
2. What is the scientific term for living and nonliving? Ecosystems are made of living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) things.
3. What are examples of living and nonliving things that are a part of an ecosystem? Examples of living things: plants and animals Examples of nonliving parts of an ecosystem: water, soil, sunlight, air
4. Nonliving parts of an ecosystem are just as important as living parts. Give an example of how nonliving parts of an ecosystem are just as important as living parts. Water feeds plants that live in a swamp ecosystem and water moves soil from place to place
5. Why do some ecosystems have many living things? Some ecosystems have many living things because they have more space, food, and shelter.
6. Why/How is this possible? Many types of plants and animals can easily meet their needs in ecosystems have enough space, food, and shelter.
Ecosystems Brain Pop
Happy Summer!
Start thinking about your fifth grade science project now!
May 10-15th
Electricity (F10-15) in text book.
Notes
1. A flow of electric charges is called an electric current.
2. A path that is made for an electric current is called a circuit.
3. A battery is an electric cell, which supplies energy to move charges through a circuit. )
4. A conductor is a material that current can pass through easily.
5. A material that current cannot pass through easily is called an insulator.
6. A material that resists but doesn't stop the flow of current is called a resistor.
7. .
8. A parallel circuit has more than one path for current to travel.
9. An electric current is measured in amps.
10.An electric current needs a circuit in order to flow.
11. The parts in a circuit system in a flashlight are batteries, switch, light bulb, and conductor.
12. If a part of the system is removed the circuit is broken and the flashlight won't work.
13. The wsitch in a circuit controls when a circuit is open or closed, and therefore controls the flow of electricity.
14. A current travels in a series circuit by following only one path.
15. If there is one disconnected bulb in a series circuit it will cause the other lights to go out because there is only one path for the current to follow, and with one bulb out, the path is not continuous.
16. If you remove one bulb from a parallel circuit the other bulbs will stay lit because current continues to flow along a different path.
17. Your home is wired using parallel circuits because if a bulb goes out, it does not prevent the rest of the electrical devices in the home from working.
18. The difference between a conductor and an insulator is that a current can flow easily through a conductor, but not through an insulator.
19. Electric cells supply energy in electric currents.
April 20-24th This week we are working on simple machines.
Page F75 questions will be due on Wednesday.
1. A basic machine that makes up other machines is called a simple machine.
2. Efficiency is how well a machine changes effort into useful work.
3. A lever is a bar that turns on a fixed point called a fulcrum. (Examples: pry bar, pliers, scissors, see-saw)
4. The effort force is the force used when you push or pull a lever.
5. A pulley is made up of a rope or chain and a wheel around which the rope fits.
6. A pulley that stays in the same place is called a fixed pulley. Fixed pulleys are often used to raise and lower something lightweight such as a flag.
7. Multiple pulleys are used to move heavy loads.
8. A wheel and axle is made up of a large wheel attached to a smaller wheel or rod.
9. Examples of a wheel and axle are a door knob, a fishing reel, and a wheel on a wheelchair.
10. An inclined plane is a flat surface that has one end higher than the other. (Example: a ramp)
11. The effort force of an inclined plane is applied upward along the plane.
12. An inclined plane makes work easier by decreasing the force needed to lift an object.
13. Wrapping an inclined plane around a pole makes a screw
14. Turning a screw moves things up a spiral ramp.
15. Two inclined planes placed back to back for a wedge. (Example: the blade of an ax)
16. A wedge pushes things apart while a ramp lifts things.
March 9-13, 2009
Text pg.E26-31
Study Guide
1. Matter is everything in the universe that has mass and takes up space.
2. Air is an example of matter.
3. Mass is the amount of matter something contains. A large heavy elephant has more mass than a leaf.
4. The three states of matter are solid, liquid, gas.
5. A solid is matter that has a definite shape and takes up a definite amount of space.
6. A liquid is matter that takes the shape of its container and takes up a definite amount of space.
7. If you pour a liquid from one container to the other the matter will stay the same.
8. A gas is matter that has no definite shape and takes up no definite amount of space.
9. An ice cube is an example of matter that changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas. An ice cube melts and the liquid becomes water vapor.
10. A solid is the state of matter that keeps its shape.
11. Liquids and gases are states of matter that take the shape of their containers.
12. Taking away heat can change a liquid to a solid.
13. If all the ice in the world melted, the oceans would rice 180 feet and the Statue of Liberty would be completely under water except for the torch and crown.
14. A physical change is a change in size, shape, or state (solid, liquid, gas)
Example: Cutting a piece of paper -cutting a piece of paper is a physical change because the shape and size of the paper are changed.
Other Examples of Physical Changes:
-An ice cube melts in your hand,
-An ice cube is cracked with a hammer ,
-Rock candy is changed to confectioners' sugar (powdered sugar) ,
-Butter melting on a hot waffle ,
-snapping a long piece of chalk into two pieces,
-Hardened slabs of steel are heated and passed through rollers to make a thin sheet of steel,
-Boiling water.
15. A Chemical Change produces one or more substances and may release energy. Signs of a chemical change may include the formation of one or more new substances, a color change, or a release of energy.
Examples of a chemical change:
-A silver teapot changes from shiny silver to dark and dull, -Vinegar and baking soda are mixed in a bottle with a balloon covering the top ,
-A burning match ,
-Bread baking ,
-An anchor rusting
February 16-20, 2009
The test on Earth and Science part 4 will be on Tuesday. Use the ppt listed below to assist with studying. We will then finish up on Earth and space science with Earth and Space part 5, Which is listed on the class website:
http://www.vickimartinez.com/science.html#earthandspace5
February 9-13, 2009
Earth and Science Part 4
Earth and Space Science Part 4
Study Guide
1. A satellite is an object that moves around another object in space.
2. The moon moves around Earth in a certain path or orbit.
3. The moon looks as large as the sun because it is much closer to Earth. (The moon is smaller than Earth and Earth is smaller than the sun.)
4. As the moon moves around Earth, different amounts of its lighted side are visible. As the moon moves through its orbit, different amounts of its lit half can be seen from Earth. That’s why the moon seems to have different shapes, or phases.
5. The moon’s cycle of phases take just over 28 days to complete.
6. The phases of the moon are named according to how they appear on Earth
7. Just as the moon revolves around Earth, the Earth moves around the sun, therefore the Earth is a satellite of the sun.
8. The movement of Earth around the sun is called its revolution.
9. It takes Earth 1 year or 365 days to complete a revolution.
10. As earth revolves around the sun it is also spinning around an imaginary line called an axis.
11. The axis runs through the North and South Pole. It takes 24 hours or one day for Earth to complete one rotation on its axis. This rotation causes day and night.
12. Due to the tilt of Earth’s axis and its movement around the sun, different locations on Earth receive varying amounts of direct sunlight, causing differences in length of day and nights. This causes seasons.
13. Example: January is a summer month in the southern hemisphere but a winter month in the northern hemisphere because the southern hemisphere is pointed toward the sun in January but the Northern hemisphere is pointed away from the sun. |
February 2-6, 2009
There will be a test over part 2 study guide on Tuesday and then we will begin the unit below.
Earth and Space Science Part 3-study guide
1. The Earth is always changing.
2. Some of these changes are gradual (slow) and some are rapid.
3. Weathering and erosion are considered gradual changes.
4. Weathering takes place as rocks are broken down into progressively smaller pieces by the effects of weather. These pieces do not move to a new location, they simply break down, but remain next to one another.
5. Erosion is the movement of rock particles by water and wind. This often happens when waves break on a beach; water carries sand and other sediments as it flows back into the ocean. Erosion along a shore causes beaches to become smaller.
7. Waves also deposit or drop sediments near the shore. This is called deposition.
8. Human activities, such as reducing forest cover and intensive farming have also changed the Earth’s surface.
9. The Earth changes rapidly when hurricanes, volcanoes, and earthquakes occur.
10. Strong gusty winds blowing over and area of many square miles can cause a group of very large waves called a storm surge to form. Storm surges often occur during hurricanes and can cause a lot of damage along a shore. (Erosion)
11. A volcano is a mountain that forms when red-hot melted rock flows through a crack onto the Earth’s surface.
12. Volcanoes form when two plates collide, when two plates separate, or when plates move over hot spots in the mantle.
13. Melted rock inside Earth surface is called magma.
14. Melted rock that reaches Earth’s surface is called lava.
15. The magma flows onto the surface through a rocky opening called a vent to form volcanic mountains.
16. The Earth changes when volcanoes produce new ocean floor where plates are moving apart. Volcanic mountains add to the continental crust when they form on land. They also enrich the soil.
17. Volcanoes can also be harmful. Lava and ash often kill everything in their path. Gases from the eruption can also be dangerous.
18. An Earthquake is a vibration or shaking of Earth’s crust.
19. Earthquakes usually occur along faults.
20. A fault is a break in the crust along which rock moves. Rock on either side of a fault can move up and down, side to side, or both.
21. Earth’s crust and upper mantle are broken into continent sized slabs called plates. Plates move very slowly across Earth’s surface. (A few centimeters a year)
22. Plates can move toward each other, past each other, or away from each other.
23. Volcanoes or mountains can occur at places where plates come together.
24. The island country of Iceland is the top of an underwater mountain that formed as ocean plates moved apart.
25. Many earthquakes happen when plates are moving past each other. This occurs from the buildup and sudden release of energy in rocks.
26. The fault in California along which dozens of major earthquakes have occurred is called the San Andreas Fault.
27. Earthquakes can affect the Earth by causing tsunamis and mudslides as well as changes the Earth’s crust.
January 12-18, 2009
We will be continuing with the unit below with a Test on Thursday.
January 5-9, 2009
* Lessons are subject to change depending on student progress and daily schedule. Check with assignment pad for updates.
Earth and Space Science Part 2
Earth and Space Science Part 2
1. The atmosphere is a thin blanket of air that surrounds the Earth.
2. There are four layers of the atmosphere.
3. The layer closest to the Earth is the troposphere. We live in the troposphere and breathe in air. Almost all weather happens in this layer.
4. Some airplanes that travel long distances fly in the stratosphere, above the weather.
5. The mesosphere is the coldest layer of the atmosphere.
6. The thermosphere is the hot, outermost layer of air.
7. An air mass is a large body of air that has temperature and moisture similar to that of the area over which it formed. Ex: A warm, moist air mass is most likely to form over the Gulf of Mexico.
8. Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air.
8. A front is the area where two air masses meet and where weather happens.
9. A cold front forms when a cold air mass catches up with a warm air mass.
10. A warm front forms when a warm air mass catches up to a cold air mass.
11. A cold front is represented on the weather map with a line with triangles.
12. A warm from is represented on the weather map with a line with half circles.
13. Cirrus clouds are a wispy white clouds at a high altitude.
14. Cumulus clouds are dense, white, fluffy, puffy cotton-ball clouds.
15. Cumulonimbus clouds are towering dark clouds. If you see them it will probably rain soon.
16. Stratus clouds form a low layer of dark gray. You see these clouds on a gray cloudy day.
17. Air pressure(the weight) is measured with an instrument called a barometer.
18. A thermometer measures the temperature of air.
19. An anemometer measure wind speed.
20. A wind vane or wind sock measures wind direction.
21. The water cycle is the constant recycling of water from Earth�s surface to the atmosphere and back to the Earth�s surface again.
22. Evaporation is the process in which liquid changes into a gas.
23. Condensation is the process in which a gas changes to a liquid.
24. Precipitation is rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls from the clouds. Precipitation forms when water droplets get too large to stay in the air/clouds. |
Lesson plans
Layers of atmosphere
1. Introduce lesson: blow up two balloons and tie them to ruler. They should be the same size and shape. Pop one. This shows that air has (weight)mass.
2.Read and discuss D6-D9 about the atmosphere.
Use the following ppt to view the layers of the atmosphere and draw them in the notebook/ art paper: http://its.guilford.k12.nc.us/act/grade7/gr7_files/atmos/layers.ppt . Make a tree map for the four layers and list the characteristics of each.
3. Present classroom ppt # 1-6 and fill in study guide./Complete D9 questions for a grade.
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Air and Weather /clouds
oral review of notes # 1-6
1. Read and discuss pg. D12-D17. Questions on D 17 are due at the end of the week.
2.TLW comlete the study guide while reviewing the power point # 7-16.http://pangea.tec.selu.edu/~vmartinez/ETEC644/science_earth_space_Part_2_ppt(1).ppt Homework: Study
3.Discuss types of clouds D15 and ppt : http://jc-schools.net/write/sci/cloudtypes_files/frame.htm
Make a tree map of cloud types/ Do the web weather internet matching: http://eo.ucar.edu/webweather/cloudmatch.html
Use construction paper and cotton balls to make and label the four main types of clouds.
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Weather Instruments
Read and discuss D 20-23. Homework:No questions for this section. Instead do D29 # 1-22.
Watch the ppt on : http://www.nebo.edu/misc/learning_resources/ppt/k-5/weathertrools.ppt
and create a tree map to list the weather instruments and their characteristics.
Finish study guide and power point. D 29 # 1-22 for a grade
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Water Cycle (D34-37)
Review the water cycle: http://www.communication4all.co.uk/PowerPoint%20Presentations/the%20water%20cycle.pps
Watch water cycle interactive: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/kids/flash/flash_watercycle.html
Draw and label the water cycle. Study all notes for a class game.
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Review
Divide the class into teams.Use the boat race game site to review the study guide notes http://pangea.tec.selu.edu/~vmartinez/ETEC644/Boat_Race.ppt.
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Weekly Quiz
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Activities collected for a grade: D9 questions;D17 questions; layers of the atmosphere drawing; cloud tree map-art; weather instrument tree map; water cycle drawing; D29 questions; final test |
December 8-12, 2008
Earth and Space Science Part 1
1. There are bodies of water found on Earth. They include: oceans, lakes, rivers, and streams.
2. Oceans are vast bodies of salt water that covers almost three fourths of the earth's surface.
3. A lake is a large inland body of fresh or salt water.
4. A river is a large natural stream of water emptying into an ocean, lake, or other body of water.
5. A stream is a steady flow of water; a small river.
6. The Earth is made up of three layers: crust, mantle, and core
7. The crust is the layer of Earth we walk on. It is the thinnest layer. The crust features include mountains, valleys, plains, plateaus, and the ocean floor.
8. The mantle(middle layer) is the thickest layer of the planet. Most of the mantle is solid rock. Some of the mantle is partly melted rock that flows like thick liquid.
9. Deep inside Earth is the core. The core is a dense ball made mostly of two metals, iron and nickel.
10. Earth is made up of materials such as rocks, minerals, and soil.
11. Rocks are made of minerals.
12. Soil consists of rock and mineral particles mixed with organic matter.
13. Minerals undergo a hardness test to see how easily they scratch.
14. A fossil is the preserved remains of a plant, animal or other organism that lived on Earth long ago.
15. Most fossils form when an organism dies and is quickly buried by sediments. Eventually the sediments harden to form rocks. As time goes by, sediments form layers.
16. Sometimes the oldest rocks are not always at the bottom of the �stack.� Sometimes movement in Earth�s crust can twist or turn over stacks of layers so the oldest rocks might not be at the bottom.
17. A trace fossil is the preserved remains of the activity of an animal that lived long ago. Tracks, burrows, droppings, and worm holes are all trace fossils.
18. Fossils tell what the Earth was like long ago.
19. Fossils tell what animals looked like long ago. Scientists study fossils and compare them to living things now.
20. Fossils tell how an animal moved. Fossil footprints can show how an animal walked. Example: A T-Rex has four legs. The front legs were much shorter, so the animal probably walked on only two legs.
December 1-5, 2008
We will have a test on the notes below on Thursday. After that we will begin reading pages C 34-39 and answer the questions on page C39 for a grade.
November 17-21, 2008
This week we are reviewing the nervous system and digestive systems. We will not have a test this week. But the kids do have a study guide and should use it to make flash cards to help them study.
The Nervous and Digestive System
1. The main parts of the Nervous System are the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs.
2. The job of the Nervous System is to control all body systems.
3. The brain is the control center of the nervous system.
4. The brain uses information it gets from your body to direct how each body system works.
5. The brain and all other parts of the nervous system are made up of nerve cells, or neurons.
6. Groups of neurons are called nerves and they pass along information.
7. Your spinal cord is a tube of nerves that runs through your spine, or backbone.
8. When a person swings a bat, the muscles receive a message from the brain to swing the arms.
9. The main parts of the digestive system is the mouth, esophagus, stomach and intestine.
10. The job of the digestive system is to provide nutrients to the body.
11. Digestion begins in the mouth when you grind up food with your teeth.
12. Saliva softens the food.
13. After you swallow, the food enters your esophagus which connects your mouth with your stomach.
14. The stomach muscles squeeze the food and mix it with digestive juices.
15. The food is then passed on into the small intestine where the nutrients pass through the walls into the blood. The blood carries the nutrients to the body’s cells.
16. Lastly, the food reaches the large intestine and is then passed through the body.
17. Fiber helps your digestive system work well. Eat foods with fiber, such as fresh vegetables, beans, fruits, cereals, and breads.
November 10-14, 2008
We are going to start reading about the cirulatory and respiratory systems of the body A104-107. We will try to answer the questions on A107 on Wednesday. These are the notes.
The Human Body and Nutrition
Part 2 of 3
The Respiratory and Circulatory Systems
1. The main part of the respiratory system is the lungs.
2. The job of the Respiratory System is to provide oxygen to the body and remove carbon dioxide .
3. Air enters your body through your nose and mouth. It goes down your trachea to your lungs. As you breathe in, your chest gets bigger and your lungs fill with air.
4. We breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.
5. The main parts of the Circulatory System is the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries.
6. The job of the Circulatory System is to carry blood to and from body cells.
7. The heart is the muscle that pumps blood through your blood vessels to all parts of your body.
8. Your heart is about as big as your fist.
9. The heart is very strong and works all the time, resting only between beats.
10. Veins are the large blood vessels that return the blood to your heart.
11. Blood moves nutrients throughout your body and fights infection.
12. Get plenty of exercise to keep your heart and lungs strong.
13. Proteins build and repair body tissues and supplies energy to the body. Vegetable sources of protein, such as beans, nuts, and whole grains, are excellent choices, and they offer healthy fiber, vitamins and minerals. The best animal protein choices are fish and poultry.
November 3-November 7, 2008
The Human Body and Nutrition Part 1 of 3
The Skeletal and Muscular Systems
1. The food pyramid is the daily food guide recommended by the USDA. The guide shows us what foods we need each day and in what proportions.
2. We need the right amounts of good food to keep our bodies healthy so we are able to play and work at our best.
3. Some stripes on the pyramid are wider than others. The different sizes remind you to choose more food from the food groups with the wider stripes.
4. If we eat healthy and exercise regularly, our organs and body systems will work to the best of their abilities.
4. Organs are body parts that do particular jobs.
5. Groups of organs that work together form systems.
6. The main parts of the skeletal system are the bones and joints.
7. The job of the skeletal system is to support the body, protect organs, and help body parts move.
8. Bones give your body shape.
9. Your bones meet at joints. Some joints open and close as the hinge of a door does. Your knees work this way.
10. Other joints let a bone move in many directions. Your shoulder works this way.
11. Calcium helps bones grow and makes them strong. Dairy products like milk, cheese, and yogurt contain calcium.
12. The main parts of the muscular system are striated, smooth, and cardiac muscles.
13. The job of the muscular system is to move body parts.
14. Cardiac muscles work automatically-without you thinking about it.
15. Exercise makes your muscles stronger and larger. You can swim, walk the dog, play sports, ride your bike, or even climb stairs.
16. Carbohydrates provide your body with energy. The best sources of carbohydrates�whole grains, vegetables, fruits and beans�promote good health by delivering vitamins, minerals, fiber, and a host of important nutrients.
17. Warming up by moving all your big muscles for five to ten minutes before you exercise helps prevent injury or pain.
18. The fact on �fats� is: we all need fats. Fat helps nutrient absorptions well as many other things.
However, when consumed in excessive amount, fats contribute to weight gain, heart disease and certain types of cancer. The key is to replace bad fats with good fats in our diet.
� Good fats are found in foods such as: nuts and olive oil
� Bad fats are often found in packaged foods or foods fried in vegetable oils; such as: French fries and bacon
October 27-31, 2008
The kids have been doing an outstanding job on their animal power point presentations. We are working to learn many skills, so it is taking a while. They have been very motivated to work on the artistic side of the presentation. Now we are focusing on the research element and proofreading.
We will need to move on with our study of the human body. Pages A 98-101 will be covered this week. Questions on pg. 101 are due Wednesday and there will be a test next week. 
http://pangea.tec.selu.edu/~vmartinez/ETEC644/science.html#Life%20Science:%20The%20Human%20Body%20and
Life Science-Animals
Part 2 of 2
1. An adaptation is a body part or behavior that helps an animal meet its needs in its environment.
2. Four examples of body part adaptations to meet basic needs are beaks, body coverings, camouflage, and mimicry.
3. Beaks can be thick and heavy to crack open seeds, short and stubby to eat fruit, or sharp and pointed to eat insects.
4. There are three different kinds of body coverings: feathers, fur or hair, and scales.
5. Feathers protect birds and help them fly. Fur or Hair keeps an animal warm. Scales help protect fish from other animals that live in water and reptiles from drying out.
6. A polar bear having clear hair that allows the light to pass through is an example of how animals have special adaptations to meet the needs in their environment.
7. Camouflage is an animal�s color or pattern that helps it blend in with its surroundings.
Example: The dark skin on an alligators back makes it blend into the swamps where it lives.
8. Mimicry is an adaptation in which an animal looks very much like another animal.
Example: The viceroy butterfly is a mimic because it looks like a bad-tasting monarch butterfly.
9. An instinct is a behavior that an animal BEGINS life with. This is not a LEARNED behavior.
10. One example of an instinct is Migration. Migration is the movement of a group of one type of animal from on region to another back again.
Example: Some Canadian birds travel south during winter months to find food and a good climate and return to Canada in the spring when the weather warms up.
Example: Some animals have an instinct to migrate to places where their young cans survive. Gray whales spend the summer in areas where they can find food easily-near the North Pole.
11. Not all animals have the instinct to migrate as winter brings colder temperatures and a lack of food. Some animals adapt to these changes by hibernating. Hibernation is a period when an animal goes into a long, deep �sleep.�
12. An animal prepares to hibernate by eating extra food and finding shelter.
13. Animals need little to no food because during hibernation the animal�s body temperature drops and its breathing rate and heart rate falls.
Examples of animals that hibernate: bears and ground squirrels
14. Learned behaviors are not instincts. It is a behavior that developed by watching or hearing other animals.
Example: Tiger cubs learn to hunting skills by watching its mother hunt and by playing with other tiger cubs.
Example: Chimpanzees learn many behaviors that help them survive. Chimps� uses sounds that help them communicate with one another. Warning/danger sounds as well as happy sounds help them survive.
Example: Teaching a dog how to sit before getting a treat is also a learned behavior.
Week 7: September 29- October 2, 2008
Life Science - Study Guide
Animals-Part 1 of 2
1. Animals can be classified as simple animals or complex animals.
2. A simple animal has very few cells that up make their body. The body is made of few parts Example: sponge or worm
3. Many animals we know are complex animals; they are made up of many parts.
4. Animals can be divided into two groups based on the structures that support their bodies: vertebrates and invertebrates
5. Vertebrates are animals with a backbone. Examples: birds snakes, bats, and humans
a. A bat is considered a mammal because vertebrates, have fur body coverings, give birth to live young, and nurse or feed their young with milk made by the mother.
6. Invertebrates are animals that do not have a backbone. An outer covering, such as a shell, usually supports the body of an invertebrate.
7. Arthropods are the largest group of invertebrates. Examples: ants, spiders, and crabs
8. All animals become adults resembling their parents, and produce young of their own.
9. Animals grow and develop in many ways. Insects such as butterflies lay eggs. The eggs hatch into caterpillars. The caterpillar grows and sheds its skin several times. The last time it sheds it seals itself inside a tough shell, or chrysalis. Finally an adult butterfly breaks out of the chrysalis. THIS PROCESS IS CALLED METAMORPHISIS. Another animal that goes through metamorphisms is a frog.
10. An environment is everything that surrounds and affects an animal, including living and nonliving things
REMEMBER: An ecosystem is groups of living things and the environment they live in and habit is an environment that meets the needs of an organism
11. There are five basic needs of animals: climate, oxygen, food, water, and shelter
12. Climate is the average temperature and rainfall of an area over many years.
13. Animals have adaptations to meet their needs in different environments/ecosystems Ex: Animals who can survive with very little water can live in a dry climate. In an wet and warm ecosystem such as a rainforest, monkeys and birds live in the trees.
14. Oxygen is one of the many gases in air. Many land animals get oxygen from breathing in air. Fish get oxygen from the water around them.
15. Food provides animals with the energy and material they need to live and grow.
16. Different animals need different kinds of food. Ex: Zebras and rhinos are plant eaters; while lions and leopards feed on meat provided by other animals.
17. Animals get the water they need for survival from ponds, lakes, streams, and puddles. Others get moisture from the food they eat or as the body produces water as food is digested.
18. Some animals require more water than others. They lose water from sweating, panting, or other means.
19. Animals need shelter so they can protect themselves from other animals or from the weather.
20. Where might a squirrel get food, water, and shelter and how would this be different from a lion?
a. Food: nuts, seeds, berries from trees
b. Water-puddles, water from foods, bird baths
c. Shelter-hollows in trees or nest in trees
Week 6 September 22-26, 2008
We are continuing our study of plants on pg A80-87of the text. Following below are the notes to know for Friday.
You can also go to our special class webpage for the lesson power point and other ways to review. Go To science -
LIfe Science part 2
1. There are two kinds of plants that form seeds: cone bearing plants and flowering plants.
2. Seeds are found in the cones of cone bearing plants and the fruit of flowering plants.
3. Flowers are reproductive structures.
4. A fruit is the part of a flowering plant that contains and protects the seeds.
5. Flowers hae parts that work together to make seeds; stamen, pistil, and sepal.
6. The stamen makes pollen.
7. The pistil collects the pollen. The bottom of the pistilis the ovary where seeds form. It is the central structure of the flower surrounded by the stamen, the petals, and the sepals.
8. Sepals are leaf like structures at the base of the flower.
9. Seeds form after a flower is pollinated.
10. Pollination happens when pollen is carried from a stamen to a pistil by wind or animals.
11. A seed is made up of a young plant, called an embryo.
12. When the seed has met its needs it germinates or sprouts.
13. The seeds of a pine tree ( a cone bearingplant 0 form between the scales of its cones.
14. Not all plants grow from seeds.
15. Some plants grow from a piece of stem put into water. new roots grow from the bottom of the stem. The new stem with roots is planted in the soil.
16. Potatoes are tubers, or swollen underground stems. Tubers are often dug up to eat.
17. Plants have many adaptations that help them survive in different environments.
a. The Venus Fly Trap is an unusual plant because it gets nutrients from insects that land on its leaves. The leaves shut and trap the insect inside.
b. During the winter monts, there is less daylight for photosynthesis. therefore, some trees enter a state of dormancy, or lower activity, until spring.
c. Cacti have roots that grow near the surface because it is easier to collect rain water in their very dry climate.
Week 4: September 8-12, 2008
This week students will need to bring in some type of empty, clean, plastic bottle. It could be a water bottle, an old syrup bottle, a soft drink bottle. We are going to recycle it by making it into some type of toy, doll, whatever. The whatever idea is your homework for the week. Bring the supplies to make the object in class on Friday.
We'll be discussing recyling and reusing products within our environment this week. The test will be next week, hopefully on Tuesday.
Study Guide
The power point for this lesson is located at this site: http://pangea.tec.selu.edu/~vmartinez/ETEC644/science_environment%20part%204%20ppt.ppt Go To Science and the Environment Part 4.
Week 3: August 25, 2008
Science Web Page Go to the environment part 3 lessons for the study guide and power point lesson, as well as other resources. The test will be Friday.
Week 2: 8-15-08
