8th grade 2012 Spring Semester Review
Ceramics
Clay- the mineral product of weathered rocks composed of Alumina and Silica
which is “plastic” when water is added.
Earthenware- a porous clay body fired up to about 1800 degrees F.
Slip- clay with added water and/or color for attaching and decorating
Leather Hard- Drying stage where clay holds its shape but is wet enough to
join.
Green ware- a drying clay vessel prior to a first (bisque) firing.
Bisque- (noun or verb) the first firing of a clay piece which hardens it
but leaves it porous enough to hold a glaze.
Kiln- used to fire clay pieces to high temperatures required to convert them
into hard ceramic.
Mature- fired to the proper temperature and all the physical and chemical
changes have taken place.
Glaze-the glass-like final coating to seal and/or color ceramic pieces.
Potter’s Wheel- the wheel uses centrifugal force to help center and make
even, balanced pots.
Thrown- vessels made on the potter’s wheel.
Hand built- making by slabs, coiling, pinching, and sculpting clay.
Color
Hue- another name for color
Three primary colors- blue, red, yellow
Three secondary colors- orange, green, violet
Six Intermediate or Tertiary colors- yellow-orange, re-orange, red-violet,
blue-violet, yellow-green, blue-green
Color Wheel- There are 12 colors on the color wheel. This is the colors of
the spectrum arranged in a circle.
Warm colors- red, yellow, and orange
Cool colors-blue, green and violet
Monochromatic- means one color (along with black and white).
Achromatic- the absence of color, only black, white and gray
Tint- a color plus white
Shade- a color plus black
Complementary colors- colors that are opposite on the color wheel: yellow
and violet, blue and orange, green and red.
Neutral colors- gray, black, and white
*Make sure you are able to draw an color wheel and label the colors in the
correct order. Know how to mix secondary and tertiary colors from primary
colors.
Space and Perspective
Perspective means point of view and the illusion of 3-dimensional space on a
two dimensional plane.
Vanishing point is the place where parallel lines converge.
To converge means to come together.
The line which divides the earth from the sky is the horizon.
One point perspective means one vanishing point, two point perspective has
two vanishing points.
6 ways artists show deep space:
Size- gets smaller in the distance.
Placement- things get higher on the picture plane in the distance.
Overlapping
Color- gets lighter and duller in the distance, bluish hue.
Focus and detail- less in the distance.
Introduction to Art
One of the primary purposes of art is to express oneself, communicate
thoughts and ideas.
Elements of Art: line, shape, space, color, value, texture (These are also
called the Language of Art)
Subject matter is what is represented in a work of art.
Three types of art:
Realistic- looks like the subject matter
Abstract- recognizable subject matter, but it has been changed, simplified
or abstracted.
Non-Objective- no recognizable subject matter.
Walter Anderson was an artist from Ocean Springs, Mississippi who painted
nature and developed the 7 motifs; circle, half circle, s curve, zigzag,
straight line, spiral, wavy line
Positive space is the figure.
Negative space is the background.
Boyet Beliefs: respect, responsibility, reaching out and safety
Jacob Lawrence
Jacob Lawrence was an African-American Artist who was born in Atlantic City,
NJ.
He spent the majority of his life in the Harlem section of New York City.
He painted many different series of paintings about various Americans in
history, including Harriett Tubman and Frederick Douglass.
He also liked tools for their sculptural element. He painted “The Builders”
series centering on workers and their tools.
He is primarily considered an “expressionist” painter, who expresses the way
he feels about a particular subject.
Line
Line is the most necessary and versatile of all the graphic elements.
Contour lines are single lines that define the exact inner and outer edge of
an object.
Blind contours are drawn without looking at the paper, only the object being
drawn.
Continuous Contour lines are drawn without lifting the pencil from the paper.
Ceramics
Clay- the mineral product of weathered rocks composed of Alumina and Silica
which is “plastic” when water is added.
Leather Hard- Drying stage where clay holds its shape but is wet enough to
join.
Green ware- a drying clay vessel prior to a first (bisque) firing.
Bisque- (noun or verb) the first firing of a clay piece which hardens it
but leaves it porous enough to hold a glaze.
Kiln- used to fire clay pieces to high temperatures required to convert them
into hard ceramic.
Glaze-the glass-like final coating to seal and/or color ceramic pieces.
Hand built- making by slabs, coiling, pinching, and sculpting clay.
Color
Hue- another name for color
Three primary colors- blue, red, yellow
Three secondary colors- orange, green, violet
Six Intermediate or Tertiary colors- yellow-orange, re-orange, red-violet,
blue-violet, yellow-green, blue-green
Color Wheel- There are 12 colors on the color wheel. This is the colors of
the spectrum arranged in a circle.
Warm colors- red, yellow, and orange
Cool colors-blue, green and violet
Monochromatic- means one color (along with black and white).
Achromatic- the absence of color, only black, white and gray
Tint- a color plus white
Shade- a color plus black
Complementary colors- colors that are opposite on the color wheel: yellow
and violet, blue and orange, green and red.
Neutral colors- gray, black, and white
*Make sure you are able to draw an color wheel and label the colors in the
correct order. Know how to mix secondary and tertiary colors from primary
colors.
Space and Perspective
Perspective means point of view and the illusion of 3-dimensional space on a
two dimensional plane.
Vanishing point is the place where parallel lines converge.
To converge means to come together.
The line which divides the earth from the sky is the horizon.
One point perspective means one vanishing point, two point perspective has
two vanishing points.
6 ways artists show deep space:
Size- gets smaller in the distance.
Placement- things get higher on the picture plane in the distance.
Overlapping
Color- gets lighter and duller in the distance, bluish hue.
Focus and detail- less in the distance.
Introduction to Art
One of the primary purposes of art is to express oneself, communicate
thoughts and ideas.
Elements of Art: line, shape, space, color, value, texture (These are also
called the Language of Art)
Subject matter is what is represented in a work of art.
Three types of art:
Realistic- looks like the subject matter
Abstract- recognizable subject matter, but it has been changed, simplified
or abstracted.
Non-Objective- no recognizable subject matter.
Walter Anderson was an artist from Ocean Springs, Mississippi who painted
nature and developed the 7 motifs; circle, half circle, s curve, zigzag,
straight line, spiral, wavy line
Positive space is the figure.
Negative space is the background.
Boyet Beliefs: respect, responsibility, reaching out and safety
Jacob Lawrence
Jacob Lawrence was an African-American Artist who was born in Atlantic City,
NJ.
He spent the majority of his life in the Harlem section of New York City.
He painted many different series of paintings about various Americans in
history, including Harriett Tubman and Frederick Douglass.
He also liked tools for their sculptural element. He painted “The Builders”
series centering on workers and their tools.
He is primarily considered an “expressionist” painter, who expresses the way
he feels about a particular subject.
Line
Line is the most necessary and versatile of all the graphic elements.
Contour lines are single lines that define the exact inner and outer edge of
an object.
Blind contours are drawn without looking at the paper, only the object being
drawn.
Continuous Contour lines are drawn without lifting the pencil from the paper.
Vincent Van Gogh- Dutch painter known for his “Starry Night “ painting
Shape and Form
Shape is an element of art that refers to an area defined by a line or
boundary.
Shape is 2- dimensional
Form is 3-dimensional.
2 dimensions: height and width
3 dimensions: height, width and depth.
2 types of shape: freeform or organic, and geometric.
Geometric shapes are mostly man-made.
Organic Freeform shapes are mostly found in nature.
Texture
Texture is the tactile quality of a surface; how things feel.
2 types of texture: visual and actual
Visual texture is only seen, a picture of texture.
Actual texture is texture which can be felt as well as seen.
Primitive Art- artists have little or no formal artistic training, just like
to create art, usually very child-like style. These have little or no
perspective, very colorful, usually realistic.
Narrative Art- art that tells a story
Genre’- art that represents everyday life and scenes, people doing “everyday
activities”.
M.C. 5Cent Jones- native artist to Louisiana. He is classified as a
primitive artist, who painted scenes in his life that included cotton
picking, watermelon harvesting, church picnics and other scenes from rural
life in North Lousiana.
