MCAS Review

Vocabulary and notes

 

Chapter 1 Cell Biology and Biochemistry

 

Cell biology (pages 13-21)

 

metabolism

homeostasis

cell

prokaryotic cell

eukaryotic cell

cell theory

virus

organelle

plasma membrane

cytoplasm

nucleus

chromosome

ribosome

mitochondria

vacuole

chloroplast

cell wall

Golgi apparatus

lysosome

centriole

cytoskeleton

cilia

flagella

 

Draw and label a plant cell.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Draw and label an animal cell.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Additional notes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter 1 Cell Biology and Biochemistry

 

Biochemistry (pages 21-29)

 

element

atom

ionic bond

covalent bond

inorganic compound

organic compound

carbohydrate

monosaccharide

disaccharide

polysaccharide

starch

protein

amino acid

lipid

nucleic acid

deoxyribonucleic acid

ribonucleic acid

enzyme

catalyst

substrate

active site

coenzyme

enzyme-substrate complex

pH

 

Additional Notes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter 2 Life Processes and living things

 

nutrition (pages 30-32)

 

chlorophyll

 

stroma

 

reactant

 

product

 

grana

 

transport (pages 36-39)

 

fluid mosaic model

 

diffusion

 

equilibrium

 

passive transport

 

osmosis

 

facilitated diffusion

 

active transport

 

pinocytosis

 

phagocytosis

 

closed circulatory system

 

 

Draw and label a diagram of the fluid mosaic plasma membrane model.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Transport in humans (pages 40)

 

hemoglobin

 

artery

 

vein

 

capillary

 

 

Draw a cross-section of an artery, vein and capillary.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cellular respiration (pages 41-42)

 

cell respiration

 

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

 

aerobic respiration

 

anaerobic respiration

 

excretion

 

 

 

regulation (pages 45-47)

 

nerve cell

 

dendrite

 

cell body

 

axon

 

axon terminal

 

nerve impulse

 

synapse

 

neurotransmitter

 

stimulus

 

effector

 

endocrine gland

 

Additional notes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter 3 Human Anatomy and Physiology

 

Levels of organization (page 50)

 

cell

 

tissue

 

organ

 

organ system

 

homeostasis

 

 

Digestion (page 51-53)

 

gastrointestinal tract

 

peristalsis

 

oral cavity

 

salivary gland

 

amylase

 

starch

 

esophagus

 

stomach

 

pepsin

 

small intestine

 

gall bladder

 

liver

 

pancreas

 

large intestine

 

chemical digestion

 

 

 

Draw and label the human digestive system.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

transport (page 55-58)

 

blood

 

plasma

 

red blood cell

 

white blood cell

 

platelet

 

phagocytosis

 

lymphocyte

 

antibody

 

antigen

 

intercellular fluid

 

heart  (page 58-60)

 

atrium

 

ventricle

 

aorta

 

blood pressure

 

systolic pressure

 

diastolic pressure

 

pulmonary circulation

 

cardiovascular disease

 

hypertension

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Draw and label the chambers of the human heart.  Draw arrows to indicate the blood flow.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

respiration (page 61-62)

 

nasal cavity

 

pharynx

 

trachea

 

bronchus

 

bronchiole

 

alveoli

 

lung

 

inhalation

 

exhalation

 

gas exchange

 

 

 

 

Draw and label the parts of the human lung.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nervous system (page 67-71)

 

nerve cell

 

irritability

 

nerve impulse

 

polarization

 

depolarization

 

sensory neuron

 

motor neuron

 

interneuron

 

brain

 

meninges

 

cerebrum

 

cerebellum

 

medulla

 

spinal cord

 

central nervous system

 

peripheral nervous system

 

autonomic nervous system

 

somatic nervous system

 

 

Draw and label a neuron.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

locomotion (page 76-77)

 

bone tissue

 

cartilage

 

joint

 

muscle tissue

 

smooth muscle

 

cardiac muscle

 

skeletal muscle

 

tendon

 

ligament

 

 

 

 

 

additional notes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

homeostasis (page 78-79)

 

dynamic equilibrium

 

negative feedback

 

 

 

 

Chapter 4 Reproduction and development

 

Cell cycle (page 87-89)

 

cell cycle

 

interphase

 

G1

 

S phase

 

G2

 

mitosis

 

prophase

 

metaphase

 

anaphase

 

telophase

 

cytokinesis

 

tumor

 

cancer

 

 

Draw the phases of mitosis.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Meiosis and sexual reproduction (page 92-94)

 

gamete

 

fertilization

 

zygote

 

diploid

 

haploid

 

homozygous pair

 

meiosis

 

spermatogenesis

 

oogenesis

 

 

Draw the phases of meiosis I and II.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Compare mitosis and meiosis I.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter 5 Genetics and Heredity

 

Mendelian genetics (page 108-109)

 

genetics

 

inheritance

 

dominance

 

segregation

 

independent assortment

 

recombination

 

gene

 

allele

 

gene expression

 

genotype

 

phenotype

 

 

patterns of inheritance (page 110-114)

 

test cross

 

homozygous

 

heterozygous

 

Punnett square

 

dihybrid

 

incomplete dominance

 

codominance

 

gene linkage

 

cross-over

 

 

 

Additional notes:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

sex chromosomes and inheritance (page 116)

 

sex chromosome

 

sex-linked genes

 

hemophilia

 

color blindness

 

carrier

 

 

genetic mutation (page 117-118)

 

mutation

 

nondisjunction

 

polyplody

 

addition

 

deletion

 

gene mutation

additional notes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter 6 Molecular genetics

 

Structure and function of DNA (page 125-129)

 

nucleotide

 

monomer

 

polymer

 

phosphate

 

deoxyribose

 

nitrogenous base

 

adenine

 

cytosine

 

guanine

 

thymine

 

uracil

 

replication

 

polymerase

 

ribose

 

mRNA

 

t RNA

 

rRNA

 

transcription

 

codon

 

anticodon

 

protein synthesis

 

translation

 

 

Additional notes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter 7 Evolution

 

Evolution and classification (page 136-139)

 

evolution

 

geological records

 

fossil records

 

petrification

 

relative dating

 

extinction

 

homologous structures

 

common ancestor

 

comparative embryology

 

comparative cytology

 

comparative biochemistry

 

vestigial organ

 

 

additional notes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

origin of species (page 140)

 

biodiversity

 

adaptations

 

 

natural selection (page 142-143)

 

natural selection

 

overpopulation

 

competition

 

survival of the fittest

 

natural variation

 

speciation

 

 

genetic variation (page 144-147)

 

genetic variation

 

geographic variation

 

reproductive isolation

 

geological time

 

artificial selection

 

 

additional notes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

kingdoms of life (page 150-152)

 

classification

 

taxonomy

 

Archaebacteria

 

Eubacteria

 

Eukarya

 

Kingdom Protista

 

Kingdom Fungi

 

Kingdom Plantae

 

Kingdom Animalia

 

 

additional notes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter 8 Ecology

 

Levels and characteristics of ecosystems (page 156-158)

 

population

 

community

 

ecosystem

 

biosphere

 

biotic factor

 

abiotic factor

 

chemosynthesis

 

limiting factors

 

autotroph

 

heterotroph

 

herbivore

 

carnivore

 

predator

 

prey

 

symbiosis

 

mutualism

 

commensalism

 

parasitism

 

 

additional notes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

energy flow (page 160-161)

 

food chain

 

producer

 

consumer

 

decomposer

 

omnivore

 

food web

 

energy pyramid

 

trophic level

 

biomass pyramid

 

 

Draw a food chain.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Draw a food web.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

populations in ecosystems (page 165)

 

carrying capacity

 

habitat

 

competition

 

niche

 

 

 

cycles (page 166-167)

 

carbon cycle

 

water cycle

 

phosphorus cycle

 

nitrogen cycle

 

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

 

nitrifying bacteria

 

denitrifying bacteria

 

 

Draw the water, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

cycles continued

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ecosystem formation (page 168-170)

 

succession

 

pioneer organisms

 

climax communities

 

 

biomes (page 171-173)

 

terrestrial biomes

 

aquatic biomes

 

marine biomes

 

freshwater biomes

 

 

additional notes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter 9 scientific inquiry (page 176-179

 

scientific method

 

hypothesis

 

variable

 

independent variable

 

dependent variable

 

 

additional notes