Articulation is the ability to accurately produce speech sounds.
Age 3-5
Age 4-6
Age 6
Age 7
Age 8
p
m
n
w
h
b
g
k
lateralization of sibilants: s, z, ∫, t∫, d3
f
d
ŋ (5.0)
j (5.0)
t
kw
∫ (sh)
t∫ (ch)
l
r
d3
bl
dr
fl
fr
gl
gr
pl
θ (th, initial)
v
s
∂ (th voiced)
br
kl
kr
sl
sp
st
sw
tr
θ (th final)
z
* Norms derived from the Goldman Fristoe Test of Articulation – 2nd edition (GFTA-2), 2000.
* Ages represent age at which 90% of the population has mastered both initial and final production, unless otherwise noted.