Slavery Divides the Nation

 

Slavery in the Territories

…describe the purpose of the Missouri Compromise, explain why conflict arose over the issue of slavery in the western territories and identify why the Free-Soil party was founded.

 

Read and discuss pp. 460 – 462

 

Unitedstreaming

 

America's Era of Expansion and Reform, 1817-1860: America under James Monroe and John Quincy Adams, 1817-1828: The Monroe Doctrine and the Missouri Compromise

The Missouri Compromise, 1820 (02:19)

http://www.unitedstreaming.com/search/assetDetail.cfm?guidAssetID=80FB384A-7844-4F8B-AE5E-0EA79CC130BC

 

 

Questions

1. Why did Northerners oppose allowing Missouri to enter as a slave state? ***
2. Explain the Missouri Compromise?  ***
3. Why was there a conflict about slavery after the Mexican War?
4. What was the Wilmot Proviso?
5. What did abolitionist want regarding slavery? ***
6. What did Southern slaveholders want regarding slavery?
7. What did moderates want regarding slavery? ***
8. What is popular sovereignty? ***
9. What was the main goal of the Free-Soil Party?
10. What did the success of the Free-Soil Party indicate?

 

 

The Compromise of 1850

…explain why the slavery debate erupted again in 1850, describe the impact of the Compromise of 1850, and summarize how Uncle Tom’s Cabin affected attitudes toward slavery.

 

Read – pp. 463 – 467

 

Activities

 

Harriet Beecher Stowe website

http://www.harrietbeecherstowecenter.org/life/

 

Unitedstreaming

 

America's Era of Expansion and Reform, 1817-1860: America Under Franklin Pierce and James Buchanan, 1853-1860: The Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Utopian Movements, the Dred Scott Decision, and the Election of Lincoln

http://www.unitedstreaming.com/search/assetDetail.cfm?guidAssetID=D1045E8C-7D88-4EE6-A1D2-13DF2EBEAFF7

James Buchanan and the Dred Scott Decision, 1857 (02:37)

 

America's Era of Expansion and Reform, 1817-1860: America Under James Polk, Zachary Taylor, and Millard Fillmore, 1845-1852: The Mexican War, The Oregon Treaty of 1846, and the Compromise of 1850 (15:00)

http://www.unitedstreaming.com/search/assetDetail.cfm?guidAssetID=19564AEC-7BA3-4566-B78E-F3B65A807DEF

The Presidency of Millard Fillmore and the Compromise of 1850 (01:54)

 

 

Questions

1. What happened when California requested admission to the Union as a free state in 1850? ***
2. What was the fear of the people in the South? ***
3. What does the word secede mean? ***
4. What was Senator Henry Clay’s nickname? ***
5. What were Senators Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun’s position on the issue of slavery? ***
6. What is a fugitive? ***
7. What position did Daniel Webster hold? What did Webster fear? ***
8. What is a Civil War?  ***
9. What were John C. Calhoun’s dying words? ***
10. How many parts did the Compromise of 1850 have? Name each of them.
11. This act of 1850 required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves. People who let fugitives escape could be fined $1000 and jailed. ***
12. What was the reaction to the Fugitive Slave Act in the North? ***
13. What was a popular bestseller in 1852? ***
14. Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin? ***
15. What was the purpose of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s book Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
16. Who are Uncle Tom and Simon Legree?
17. What was the reaction to Uncle Tom’s Cabin in the North and South? ***
18. What effect did Uncle Tom’s Cabin have on the North and South? ***

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Crisis Deepens

…identify the goal of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, explain why violence erupted in Kansas and in the Senate, and summarize the impact of the Dred Scott case on the nation?

 

Read – pp. 468 – 472

 

Activities –

 

Unitedstreaming

America's Era of Expansion and Reform, 1817-1860: America Under Franklin Pierce and James Buchanan, 1853-1860: The Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Utopian Movements, the Dred Scott Decision, and the Election of Lincoln

http://www.unitedstreaming.com/search/assetDetail.cfm?guidAssetID=D1045E8C-7D88-4EE6-A1D2-13DF2EBEAFF7

The Gadsden Purchase and the Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1853-1854 (03:04)

 

 

Historical Document
Dred Scott case: the Supreme Court decision
1857

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4h2933.html

 

 

Questions

1. This bill introduced by Senator Stephen Douglas proposed that the Nebraska Territory be divided into two territories Kansas and Nebraska. The settlers living in each territory would settle the issue of slavery by popular sovereignty?  ***
2. What was the northerner’s reaction to the Kansas-Nebraska Act? ***
3. What state became the testing ground for popular sovereignty? ***
4. What did proslavery and antislavery forces do to ensure that Kansas would be on their side?
5. Who were Border Ruffians? ***
6. Why did Kansas have two governments? ***
7. Who was John Brown and what did he do? ***
8. What is guerrilla warfare? ***
9. Why did a newspaper call the territory “Bleeding Kansas?
10. What type of violence erupted in the Senate over Kansas?
11. Did the Dred Scott decision bring more harmony or discord to the nation over the issue of slavery? ***
12. What is a lawsuit?
13. Who was Dred Scott? ***
14. What did the Supreme Court say in the decision Dred Scott v. Sanford? ***
15. How did the Supreme Court’s decision affect the Missouri Compromise? ***
16. How did white southerners, African Americans, white northerners, and abolitionist Frederick Douglas react to the Dred Scott decision? ***

 

 

 

The Republican Party Emerges

…explain why the Republican Party was founded, explain the rapid emergence of Abraham Lincoln as a Republic leader, and describe the reaction to John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry.

 

Read and discuss pp. 473 – 476

 

Activities

 

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

http://www.nps.gov/archive/liho/debates.htm

 

John Brown

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1550.html

 

Questions

1. Why did some people want a new political party? ***
2. What was the name of the new political party and what was its purpose? ***
3. Describe Abraham Lincoln? ***
4. How many times did Lincoln and Douglas debate one another and what was the very important issue? ***
5. What did Lincoln and Douglas believe about the slavery issue? ***
6. Who won the Senate seat – Lincoln or Douglas? ***
7. Who is John Brown and what did he do?
8. What is an arsenal?
9. What is treason?
10. What is a martyr?
11. Was John Brown a hero or a villain? How did northerners and southerners view John Brown?

 

 

 

A Nation Divides

…explain how the 1860 election reflected sectional divisions, describe how the South reacted to the election results, and discuss how the Civil War began in 1861.

 

Read and discuss pp. 478 – 481

 

Activities

 

Fort Sumter

http://www.nps.gov/fosu/

 

Flags

http://www.cr.nps.gov/museum/exhibits/flags/fosu1.htm

 

Interactive timeline of Lincoln’s life

http://www.alincoln-library.com/timeline/timeline.html

 

Questions

1. Why did Abraham Lincoln win the election of 1860? ***
2. What was the reaction of the South to Abraham Lincoln’s election?
3. What does unamendable mean?
4. What effort did Senator John Crittenden of Kentucky make to save the Union?
5. What happened on December 20, 1860? ***
6. How did the South justify leaving the Union? ***
7. What was the name of the new country that was formed? ***
8. Who was the first president of the Confederacy? ***
9. What did Abraham Lincoln say in his inaugural address about the South leaving the Union? ***
10. What did President Jefferson Davis order the Confederate forces to do? ***
11. What was President Abraham Lincoln’s difficult decision in the beginning days of his Presidency regarding the forts in the South?  ***
12. Why was Fort Sumter important to the Confederacy?  ***
13. What did President Lincoln find out about Fort Sumter and what did he intend to do about the problem? ***
14. On April 11, 1861 what did the Confederates demand? ***
15. What was the reaction of Major Robert Anderson, the Union
    commander?
16. What was the reaction of the Confederate troops? ***
17. Why did the Union troops surrender Fort Sumter? ***
18. What marked the beginning of the Civil War? ***

 

 

 

The Civil War

The Conflict Takes Shape

…explain the issues that divided the nation when the war began, describe the primary strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South at the beginning of the war, identify the leaders of each side in the war.

 

Read – pp. 486 – 489

 

Questions

1. Why did the Southerners believe that they were justified in going to war?***
2. What did the Southerners call the war? ***
3. Why did the Northerners believe that they were justified in going to war? ***
4. Was abolishing slavery a goal at the beginning of the war? ***
5. What is racism? ***
6. What decision did 8 slave states have to make in April, 1861? Why was it this decision so critical?
7. What was the decision of these states?
8. What were the Border States?
9. Why was Maryland so critical to the North?
10. Did all citizens of Border States support the North?
11. What is martial law?***
12. Why did President Lincoln have to enforce martial law?
13. What were the strengths of the South?***
14. What were the weaknesses of the South?***
15. What were the strengths of the North?***
16. What were the weaknesses of the North?***
17. Give a description of Jefferson Davis?
18. Give a description of Abraham Lincoln?
19. What was Robert E. Lee’s dilemma?***
20. Why did Lincoln have trouble finding generals?

 

 

 

 

No Easy Victory

…describe the strategies each side adopted to win the war, explain how early encounters dispelled hopes for a quick end to the war, identify the victories of the Confederates, and list the victories of the Union.

 

Read and discuss pp. 490 – 494

 

Questions

1. What were the North and South’s strategies for winning the war?***
2. What were the Union Plans for winning the war?***
3. What were the Confederate plans for winning the war?***
4. Describe the Battle of Bull Run?
5. Who was Stonewall Jackson?
6. What did the Battle of Bull Run point out to both the Union and the Confederacy?
7. After the Battle of Bull Run who did President Lincoln appoint to be commander of the Union Army?
8. Describe how McClellan approached the war?
9. How did the naval blockade affect the South?
10. What did the Confederates do with the abandoned Union warship the USS Merrimack? What did they rename the ship?***
11. How successful was the Virginia?
12. What was the ironclad ship of the Union called?***
13. What finally happened to the Virginia?
14. Was the Union naval blockade successful throughout the war?
15. Why did General Robert E. Lee want a victory in Maryland?
16. What did McClellan find that was helpful in September, 1862?
17. What did McClellan do with the information that he found?
18. Were there any clear winners in the Battle of Antietam?
19. Why did Lincoln name a new commander of the Union troops? Who did he name?
20. What was one of the Union’s worst defeats?
21. Who won the Battle of Chancellorsville?
22. What was one of the Union goals that Ulysses S. Grant moving towards in 1862?
23. Why was the capturing of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in Tennessee so important?
24. Who won the Battle of Shiloh?
25. How did Union victories at New Orleans and Memphis affect the South?

 

 

 

 

A Promise of Freedom

…identify Lincoln’s primary goal in the war, describe the effects of the Emancipation Proclamation, and explain African Americans’ contribution to the war effort both in the Union army and behind Confederate lines.

 

Read and discuss pp. 496 – 499

 

Questions

1. What was Lincoln’s goal in the war?***
2. Why did Lincoln handle the slavery issue cautiously?***
3. What does it mean to emancipate?***
4. How did Lincoln broaden the goals of the war in 1862?***
5. What was Lincoln’s practical plan for emancipating the slaves in the Confederacy?
6. Lincoln also had a personal reason for emancipating the slaves? What was it?
7. Why did Lincoln want to wait for a Union victory to announce his emancipation plans?
8. What did Lincoln do on January 1, 1863?***
9. What type of impact did the Emancipation Proclamation have on the war?***
10. How did opponents of slavery, Frederick Douglas, the South, and Europeans react to the proclamation?
11. Were African Americans allowed to serve in the War?
12. How were African Americans discriminated against in the Union Army?
13. What was the 54^th Massachusetts Regiment?
14. How did the 54^th Massachusetts Regiment contribute to the war?
15. Who was Lincoln’s Secretary of War?
16. How did enslaved African Americans help to hurt the Confederate war effort?

 

 

 

 

 

Hardships of War

…describe what life was like for Confederate and Union soldiers, explain what problems each side faced at home, describe how the war affected the economy of the North and the South, and explain the role women played in the war.

 

Read and discuss pp. 500 – 504

 

Questions

1. What was the life of soldier like during the Civil War?
2. Did all northerners support the Civil War?
3. Who were Copperheads?
4. Explain the draft law passed in 1863?
5. How could a man avoid the draft?
6. Explain the opposition to the draft?
7. What is habeas corpus?
8. Why did Lincoln suspend habeas corpus?***
9. Explain the problems that President Jefferson Davis faced in the South?
10. Why did Georgia threaten to secede from the Union?
11. Did enslaved African Americans serve in the Confederacy?
12. Why did the Congress establish the nation’s first income tax?
13. What is income tax?***
14. Name the various ways that the Union attempted to pay for the war?
15. What is inflation?***
16. What effect did the war have on the South’s economy?***
17. What steps did the South take to pay for the war?
18. What is a tax-in-kind?
19. How high did prices go in the South during the Civil War?
20. What was the South’s main source of income?
21. Why did President Jefferson Davis halt cotton sales to Britain?
22. How did the blockade affect the southern economy?
23. Describe ways in which women contributed to the war effort?
24. Who founded the American Red Cross?***

 

 

 

The War Ends

…explain why the union victories at Vicksburg and Gettysburg were important, describe Grant’s plan for ending the war, identify Lincoln’s hopes for the Union after his reelection, and summarize hwy the Civil War was a major turning point in U.S. history.

 

Read – pp. 505 – 510

 

Questions

1. What was Grant’s brilliant plan to seize Vicksburg?
2. What is a siege?
3. How did the surrender of Vicksburg and the capture of Port Hudson, Louisiana affect the Confederacy?
4. General Meade met Lee’s army at Gettysburg, PA. Explain what happened at the Battle of Gettysburg?***
5. What marked the turning point of the Civil War?***
6. What was the Gettysburg address?***
7. Who did President Abraham Lincoln appoint commander of the Union forces in 1864?
8. Explain Ulysses S. Grant’s plan to end the war?***
9. Explain General Philip Sheridan part in the war?
10. Explain General William Tecumseh Sherman part in the war?
11. Why did Lincoln get reelected as President?
12. How did the Civil War end?
13. What happened at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia?***
14. What type of losses did the Civil War cause?***
15. Why was the Civil War considered a major turning point in American history?***

Test on Chapter

 

 

 

Reconstruction and the Changing South

 

Early Steps to Reunion

…describe the nation’s postwar problems, list the early steps that were taken toward Reconstruction, and explain how the assassination of Lincoln and the inauguration of a new President led to conflict.

 

Read and discuss pp. 516 – 519

 

1. Explain the economic situation of the North after the Civil War?***
2. Did the North or the South loose more soldiers in the war?
3. Why was the North able to return to a normal way of life rather quickly after the war?***
4. Describe the condition of the South after the war?***
5. Describe the financial situation of the South after the war?***
6. How did the war change southern society?***
7. Who were freedmen?***
8. What were slaves forbidden to do under slavery?
9. What is Reconstruction?***
10. Describe Lincoln’s reconstruction plan?***
11. What is amnesty?
12. Who did Lincoln offer amnesty to?
13. What did many Republicans think of the ten percent plan?
14. What was the Wade-Davis Bill?
15. What did Lincoln think of the Wade-Davis bill?
16. Describe the Freedmen’s Bureau?***
17. What happened on April 14, 1865 just five days after Lees’s surrender?***
18. Who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln?***
19. Who took President Abraham Lincoln’s place after he was assassination?***
20. What was Johnson’s plan for reconstruction?
21. What is the 13^th Amendment?***
22. How did Southern states respond to President Johnson’s Reconstruction plan?
23. How did the Congress oppose President Johnson’s Reconstruction plan?

 

 

Radical Reconstruction

…describe how Congress reacted to the passage of Black Codes in the South, explain how Radical Republicans gained power in Congress, and identify why President Johnson was impeached.

 

Read and discuss pp. 521 - 524

 

1. How was the Thirteenth Amendment counteracted by the southern states?
2. What are black codes?***
3. What were the rights that the black codes allowed African Americans?***
4. What were the codes clearly meant to do?***
5. What did the Black codes forbid freedmen to do?***
6. What was the reaction of the Republicans regarding the Black Codes?
7. What type of violence took place in the South?
8. Who were the leaders of the Radical Republicans?
9. What were the two goals of the Radical Republicans?
10. What was the motive for radical and moderate Republicans joining together?
11. What was the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
12. What was the 14^th Amendment?***
13. What was President Andrew Johnson’s position on the 14^th Amendment?***
14. What is Radical Reconstruction?***
15. Explain the Reconstruction Act?
16. How could Reconstruction States rejoin the Union after the Reconstruction Act?
17. Why was President Johnson impeached?***
18. Was President Johnson convicted?
19. Who became President in 1868?
20. What was the 15^th Amendment?***

 

 

The South Under Reconstruction

…identify new forces in southern politics, describe how southern Conservatives resisted Reconstruction, list the challenges facing Reconstruction governments, and explain why sharecropping led to a cycle of poverty.

 

Read and discuss pp. 526 – 529

 

Questions

 

1. Explain who white southern Republicans were.***
2.  Why were white southern Republicans called scalawags?***
3. Who were the carpetbaggers?***
4. What were the various reasons why northerners went to the South?***
5. Explain the role African American’s played in the South after the war.
6. Explain how the Conservatives in the South resisted Reconstruction?
7. Who were the Ku Klux Klan?***
8. What did the Ku Klux Klan do?***
9. How did Congress react to the Ku Klux Klan?
10. How did Reconstruction governments try to rebuild the South?***
11. Explain “40 acres and a mule?”***
12. What were sharecroppers?***
13. Why didn’t sharecropping work?***

 

 

 

The End of Reconstruction

…list the events that led to the end of Reconstruction, explain how the rights of African Americans were restricted in the South after Reconstruction, and identify industries that flourished in the “New South.”

 

Read and discuss pp. 530 – 533

 

Questions

1. Why did Radical Republicans begin losing power?***
2. Who was re-elected President in 1872?
3. What was the amnesty act of 1872?***
4. What kept many African Americans from voting?***
5. When did the end of Reconstruction come?***
6. Who won the election of 1876?
7. What was the impact of Reconstruction on the South?***
8. Explain the poll tax?***
9. What was a literacy test?***
10. What was the grandfather’s clause?***
11. What is segregation?***
12. What were Jim Crow laws?***
13. What was Plessy vs. Furguson?***
14. What was the “New South”?***
15. Name agricultural resources of the South?***
16. Name new industries of the South? ***

 

 

 

Industrial Growth

Railroads Spur Industry

…list factors that led to the construction of railroads, explain how railroad executives eliminated competition, and describe how railroad building encouraged economic growth.

 

Read and discuss pp. 574 – 577

Activities 

 

Questions

1. How did the Civil War show the importance of railroads?
2. What did railroad companies do after the Civil War?
3. Why did passengers and freight have to move to trains on different lines?
4. What is a gauge?
5. Why couldn’t trains run on different tracks?
6. What did the South decide to do in 1886 regarding the railroad?
7. What is a network?
8. How was the creation of a rail network a benefit to shippers?
9. By 1900 was the railroad industry thriving in the U.S.?
10. In 1869, George Westinghouse began selling this item?
11. How did the air brake help the railroad industry?
12. What did George Pullman design in 1864?
13. What does consolidate mean?
14. Who began to buy up railroad lines in New York State?
15. Why did companies look to consolidate the railroads?
16. Besides steamship lines what other industry did Cornelius Vanderbilt get involved in?
17. Why was Vanderbilt considered by some to be ruthless?
18. Explain James Hill’s involvement in the railroad industry?
19. How did James Hill build the Great Northern Railroad without financial aid?
20. How did overbuilding cause problems fork the railroad industry?
21. What is a rebate?
22. Why was too much competition hurting the railroad industry?
23. What is pooling?
24. What angered southern and western farmers about the railroads?
25. Despite problems with the railroads, building rail lines created thousands of jobs? Describe the various types of jobs created?
26. How did large railroads pioneer new ways of managing business?
27. How did railroads help to settle the west?

 

 

 

The Rise of Big Business

…identify reasons for the growth of huge steel empires, list the benefits corporations and bankers provided to the growing economy, explain how John D. Rockefeller amassed his huge oil holdings, and summarize the arguments for and against trusts.

 

Read and discuss pp. 578 – 582

Activities

 

Questions

1. What spurred the growth of the steel industry after the Civil War?
2. What is the Bessemer process?
3. Name the pros and cons for city of Pittsburgh as it became the steel-making capital of the nation.
4. How did Andrew Carnegie gain control of the Steel Industry?
5. What is vertical integration?
6. What is Andrew Carnegie’s “gospel of wealth?”
7. Why did demand for local goods fall?
8. What did factory workers use capital for?
9. What is a corporation?
10. What is a stock?
11. What is a dividend?
12. Who was the most powerful banker in the late 1800’s?
13. What did J. Pierpont Morgan to gain his wealth?
14. Where could great deposits of iron ore be found?
15. Where was the nation’s first oil strike?
16. What did John D. Rockefeller build?
17. What did John D. Rockefeller believe about competition?
18. What was the Standard Oil Company?
19. What did Rockefeller do to make his company the best?
20. What was the Standard Oil trust?
21. What is a monopoly?
22. What is the free enterprise system?
23. Why were the critics against trusts?
24. What is the Sherman Antitrust Act?

 

Inventions Change the Nation

…identify the new devices that speeded up communications after the Civil War, explain how Thomas Edison and other inventors brought new technologies to Americans at work and at home, and describe the changes the automobile and airplane made in American life.

 

Read and discuss pp. 584 – 589

 

Questions

1. What was vital to growing American businesses?
2. What invention speeded up communication within the United States?
3. What did Cyrus field do?
4. What does transatlantic mean?
5. Who sent the first transatlantic message to President James Buchanan in Washington, D.C.?
6. What did Alexander Graham Bell invent?
7. What were the first words spoken on the telephone?
8. What company did Alexander Graham Bell form? Why?
9. Who is the “Wizard of Menlo Park?
10. Name some of Thomas Edison’s inventions?
11. Name one of Edison’s most important creations that took place in New York City in 1882?
12. How did the electric power plant affect the country?
13. How did Gustavus Swift transform the American diet?
14. What did George Eastman introduce to the American public in 1888?
15. What type device did Elijah McCoy create in 1872?
16. Who invented a machine that could perform almost all the steps in shoemaking that had previously been done by hand?
17. Who was responsible for making the auto part of everyday American life?
18. What was the moving assembly line?
19. What is mass production?
20. What was the first reaction to the car by many Americans?
21. About how many cars were owned by people in 1890? By 1917?
22. Who are Orville and Wilbur Wright?
23. When and where was the first “flying machine” tested?
24. Who was the first group of people who saw the need for the airplane?

 

 

 

The Rise of Organized Labor

…explain how workplace changes led to the rise of labor organizations such as the American Federation of Labor, describe the progress and problems that affected women in the workplace during the late 1800s, and describe why organized labor faced hard times after 1870.

 

Read and discuss pp. 590 – 594

 

Questions

1. By the 1880s, the relationship between the workers and boss had changed. Why were workers forced to work for low wages?
2. What is a sweatshop?
3. At the time of the 1900 census how many children under the age of 15 worked?
4. What types of work did children do?
5. How long did those working in coal mines work per day? Per hour?
6. Describe the types of hazards that existed in the workplace?
7. How did workers fight back against unfair work practices?
8. What organization did workers form in 1869?
9. Who did the Knights of Labor elect to be president in 1879?
10. Who did Terence Powderly open his meetings to?
11. Did Terence Powderly believe in strikes?
12. What types of activities did Terence Powderly believe in?
13. What was the result of the strike of 1885 that forced the Missouri Pacific Railroad to restore wages?
14. What happened at the McCormick Harvester Company in Chicago in 1886?
15. What are strikebreakers?
16. Describe what happened on May 3, 1886?
17. What is an anarchist?
18. What is the Haymarket riot?
19. As a result of the Haymarket riot what happened to the Knights of Labor?
20. Who was Samuel Gompers?
21. What organization did Samuel Gompers begin?
22. What is the AFL?
23. What type of practical goals did the AFL stress?
24. What is collective bargaining?
25. How many women worked in the American factories by 1890?
26. Who is Mother Jones?
27. What is the ILGWU?
28. Describe the Triangle Fire?
29. What led to economic growth?
30. What happened between 1870 and 1900?
31. What type of strikes took place between 1870s and 1890s?
32. Who did the Federal Government usually side with?
33. Describe the strike against George Pullman?
34. Did most Americans support strikes?

 

 

A New Urban Culture

 

New Immigrants in a Promised Land

…discuss why millions of immigrants decided to make the difficult journey to the United States, describe the problems faced by the “new immigrants” in adapting to American life, and explain why some Americans were opposed to an increase in immigration.

 

Read and discuss pp. 600 – 605

 

Questions

1. How many immigrants poured into the United States between 1865 and 1915?
2. What are push factors?
3. What are pull factors?
4. What type of work did many European immigrants do and why were they looking for work in America?
5. What types of persecution drove many people from their homes?
6. What is a pogrom?
7. What type of jobs were the chief pull factor for immigrants?
8. What did factory owners do to hire workers at low wages?
9. How did steamship companies and railroads help to entice the Europeans to come to America?
10. Why was America called the “Land of Opportunity?”
11. What types of freedoms were immigrants eager for?
12. What is steerage?
13. Who greeted the European immigrants sailing into New York?
14. Who wrote “Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free…
15. Describe what happened at Ellis Islands?
16. Where did many Asian immigrants enter the United States?
17. Who were the Old Immigrants?
18. Who were the New Immigrants?
19. Where did most immigrants stay when they entered the United States?
20. Why did immigrant neighborhoods develop?
21. How did religion unite and separate the immigrants?
22. What is acculturation?
23. Who is a nativist?
24. How did nativist argue against the immigrants?
25. What is the Chines Exlusion Act?
26. What was the American Protective Association?
27. What bill did Congress pass that President Grover Cleveland vetoed?
28. What happened to this bill by 1917?

 

 

 

November 14 - 15

An Age of Cities

…explain why cities experienced a population explosion, discuss how city settlement patterns changed, and describe how settlement houses workers and other reformers worked to solve city problems.

 

Read and discuss pp. 606 – 610

 

Questions

1. What is urbanization?
2. Which groups of people began to flood city populations?
3. Why were tenements built?
4. How did factory owners contribute to crowding in the cities?
5. What were some of the diseases that raged through tenements?
6. Who were part of the middle class?
7. What type of Leisure Activities did the Middle Class take part in?
8. Describe the life of the rich?
9. Enumerate problems of the city.
10. What are building codes?
11. List reforms that were put into place to ease the urban problems.
12. Who is Mother Cabrini?
13. Explain the Social Gospel?
14. Who started the Salvation Army?
15. What is the YMHA?
16. What are settlement houses?
17. Who was Jane Addams?
18. What was the purpose of Hull House?
19. Who was Alice Hamilton?
20. Who was Florence Kelley?

 

 

Life in the Changing Cities

…describe how the building boom affected city life, explain why sports were so popular, and list the forms of entertainment that city dwellers enjoyed.

 

Read and discuss pp. 612 – 615

 

Questions

1. Why did architects start to build skyscrapers?
2. What are skyscrapers?
3. When and where was the first skyscraper built?
4. Crowding people into smaller spaces added to the problems of the city? Name this new problem.
5. How did electricity offer a solution to the traffic problem of the city?
6. What is a suburb?
7. Who built the first American subway in 1897?
8. What did cities do to move people across rivers? Give examples.
9. What did Frederick Law Olmsted do in the 1850s for New York City?
10. What is a department store?
11. How did department stores change how people shopped?
12. What nine-story department store opened in New York City in 1902?
13. Why did sports become important in American life?
14. During the late 1800s what was the most important sport in the nation?
15. Football grew out of which European sport?
16. Who invented basketball? And why?
17. How did entertainment bring Americans together?
18. What is Vaudeville?
19. Name some vaudeville entertainers.
20. What is ragtime?
21. Who is John Philip Sousa?

 

 

Public Education and American Culture

…describe how public education grew after the Civil War, identify changes in reading habits, and explain why writers and painters turned to everyday life for subjects.

 

Read and discuss pp. 617 – 621

 

1. Why did the nation need an educated workforce?
2. What is compulsory education?
3. What is a parochial school?
4. Why were parochial schools opened?
5. What are the three R’s?
6. What was McGuffey’s Eclectic Reader?
7. How did higher learning change after the Civil War?
8. What was the newspaper boom linked to?
9. What did major newspapers report on?
10. Who was Joseph Pulitzer?
11. How did Joseph Pulitzer win over readers?
12. Who challenged Joseph Pulitzer?
13. What is yellow journalism?
14. How did newspapers compete for women readers and reporters?
15. Who is Nellie Bly?
16. Describe three magazines?
17. What were dime novels?
18. What is a realist?
19. Who wrote The Red Badge of Courage.
20. What was Samuel Clemens pen name?
21. What is local color?
22. Who wrote Huckleberry Finn?
23. What is Winslow Homer famous for?
24. Who was James Whistler?
25. Who was Mary Cassatt?

 

The Progressive Era

Reform in the Gilded Age

…identify concerns that shaped politics during the Gilded Age, explain how reformers tried to change the spoils system, and list the laws that were passed to regulate big business.

 

Read and discuss pp. 630 – 632

Activities

 

Quesitons

1. What were two concerns that shaped politics during the Gilded Age?
2. What is patronage?
3. How did Rutherford B. Hayes confront the spoils system?
4. Which President succeeded Rutherford B. Hayes?
5. Who succeeded James Garfield as President?
6. What did Chester A. Arthur have to do with the Spoils System?
7. What did the Pendleton Act do?
8. What is civil service?
9. What is interstate commerce?
10. What was the Interstate Commerce Act/
11. How did the Sherman Antitrust Act try to limit big business?

 

The Progressives

…describe how corruption affected city governments, explain why the muckrackers were an important force for reform, identify the goals that the Progressives pursued and summarize the political reforms that the Progressives achieved.

 

Read and discuss pp. 633 – 636

Activities

 

Questions

1. How did city governments become corrupt?
2. What are powerful politicians called?
3. How did political bosses control the poor?
4. Who is Boss William Tweed?
5. Who is Thomas Nast?
6. Who was Jjacob Riis?
7. What is a muckraker?
8. Who wrote The Jungle?
9. What did Upton Sinclair write about in The Jungle?
10. Who were the Progressives?
11. What is the period between 1898 and 1917 called?
12. Did all Progressives think alike? What did they believe?
13. What is public interest?
14. Who was John Dewey and what did he do?
15. Who was Robert La Folette and what did he do?
16. What is a primary?
17. Explain initiative?
18. Explain referendum?
19. Explain recall?
20. How did Progressives feel about tariffs on imported goods?
21. What is a graduated income tax?
22. What is the 16^th Amendment?
23. What is the 17^th Amendment?

 

 

 

 

Progressives and the White House

…identify the key features of the Square Deal, explain why Progressives first supported and then opposed William Howard Taft, list the major issues that affected the election of 1912, and summarize President Woodrow Wilson’s policies.

 

Read and discuss pp. 638 – 641

Activities

 

Questions

1. How did Theodore Roosevelt become President?
2. What did President Theodore Roosevelt think about trust?
3. What was the first time that the Sherman Antitrust Act was used to break up a trust?
4. What other Trusts did President Theodore Roosevelt break up?
5. What is a trustbuster?
6. How did President Theodore Roosevelt solve the coal miners strike in Pennsylvania?
7. What was Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal?
8. What was the Pure Food and Drug Act?
9. What is conservation?
10. What did President Theodore Roosevelt do for the wilderness?
11. Who won the election of 1908?
12. What was the Bull Moose Party? Why was it formed?
13. Who won the election of 1912?
14. Who was Woodrow Wilson?
15. What was Wilson’s New Freedom?
16. What was the Federal Reserve Act?
17. What was the Federal Trade Commission?

 

 

 

 

Women Win Reforms

…describe how the women’s suffrage movement helped bring about the Nineteenth Amendment, Identify the new opportunities women gained in education and employment and explain why many women supported the campaign against alcohol.

 

Read and discuss pp. 645 – 648

Questions

1. What was the National Woman Suffrage Association?
2. Who started the National Woman Suffrage Association?
3. Why did Wyoming barely win admission to the Union?
4. What did Carrie Chapman Catt do?
5. Who are suffragists?
6. Who was Alice Paul and what did she tell President Woodrow Wilson?
7. What was the 19^th Amendment and when was it passed?
8. What types of opportunities did women gain over the years?
9. What did Florence Kelley do?
10. What was the temperance movement?
11. What was the Women’s Christian temperance Union?
12. What was the 18^th Amendment?

 

 

 

 

Becoming a World Power

A Pacific Empire

…list the early steps taken by the United States toward expansion in the Pacific, identify the causes of imperialism, describe the U.S. conquest of Samoa and Hawaii, and summarize how Americans protected their trade with China.

 

Read pp. 660 – 666

Activities

 

Questions

1. What is isolationism?
2. Which country refused to open its doors to American trade?
3. What task did President Millard Fillmore give to commodore Matthew Perry?
4. What was the reaction of the Japanese when Matthew Perry entered Tokyo Bay?
5. What was the Treaty of Kanagawa?
6. What does annex mean?
7. Why did we annex Midway Island?
8. Explain the land deal of the century?
9. What is considered “Seward’s Folly?”
10. Describe the riches of Alaska?
11. What is imperialism?
12. Name three reasons for the growth of imperialism?
13. Why did the United States seek colonies?
14. What influence did Alfred Mahan have on the United States?
15. What was the Great White Fleet?
16. How did the United States aquire Samoa?
17. Why was the United States interested in Hawaii?
18. What role did missionaries and planters have in Hawaii?
19. Why did Queen Liliuokalani give up her throne?
20. When did Hawaii become a state?
21. What is a sphere of influence?
22. What was the Open Door Policy?
23. Explain the Boxer Rebellion?

 

 

 

 

War With Spain

…summarize why tensions in Cuba led Americans to call for war with Spain, explain how Americans won a quick victory in the Spanish American War, describe how the United States gained and ruled its new empire.

 

Read and discuss pp. 668 – 674

Activities

 

Questions

1. Name the two islands in the Caribbean that belonged to Spain in the 1890s?
2. What did the Cubans revolt against in 1868?
3. Why did the United States have interest in Cuba?
4. What is yellow journalism?
5. Why did President McKinley send the battleship Maine to Havana, Cuba?
6. What happened to the Maine?
7. What is the meaning of the phrase “Remember the Maine?”
8. Where was the battlefront for the Spanish American War?
9. Why did Roosevelt believe that Manila, in the Philippines had to be attacked?
10. Who were the Rough Riders?
11. Name a key land battle that involved the Rough Riders?
12. What were the terms of the peace treaty signed in Paris, in 1898
13. What was the Platt Amendment?
14. What is a protectorate?
15. When did Puerto Ricans become citizens of the United States?

 

 

 

 

The United States in Latin America

…identify why the United States built the Panama Canal, describe how Theodore Roosevelt used his “big stick” in Latin America, and explain why a crisis erupted between the United States and Mexico.

 

Read and discuss pp. 675 – 679

Activities

 

Questions

1. What is an isthmus?
2. Why did Roosevelt want to build a canal through Panama?
3. Name a favorite quote of Roosevelt? What does it mean?
4. Name a serious difficulty to the building of the Panama Canal?
5. What did Dr. William Gorgas do to help the mosquito problem?
6. Who was Colonel George Goethals?
7. How did the building of the canal help the trade of many nations?
8. What was the Monroe Doctrine? (Refer back to p. 351)
9. What is a corollary?
10. What is the Roosevelt Corollary?
11. What is dollar diplomacy?
12. What is moral diplomacy?

 

World War I

 

War in Europe

…identify the causes of World War I, describe how war was fought in the trenches, and explain how Germany’s use of submarine warfare affected American neutrality.

 

Read and discuss pp. 686 – 690

 

Questions

1.What is nationalism?

2. What did Europeans believe about nationalism in the 1870s?

3. What was the result of France and Germany going to war in 1870?

4. How did nationalism affect Eastern Europe?

5. How did imperialism affect European nations between 1870 and 1914?

6. What is militarism?

7. How did militarism affect the European nations between 1870 and 1914?

8. Who belonged to the Triple Alliance?

9. Who belonged to the Triple Entente?

10. How did the alliance system pose a threat to Europe?

11. Who belonged to the Balkan nations?

12. Who was Archduke Francis Ferdinand?

13. What was the capital of Bosnia?

14. What was the Black Hand?

15 What did Gavrilo Princip do on June 28, 1914?

16. Why did a World War develop over a local issue?

17. What is a Kaiser?

18. What were the years of World War I?

19. What is another name for World War I?

20.  Who were the Central Powers?

21 Who were the Allied Powers?

22. What is a stalemate?

23. Describe trench warfare?

24. When war broke out in Europe what was the official position of the United States?

24. How did the American public feel about the war in Europe?

25. What were the immediate effects of the war on the United States?

26. What is propaganda?

27. The United States claimed neutrality and the right to trade with either side in the war. What problems did this cause?

28. What is a U-Boat?

29 What was Germany’s warning to the United States and other neutral nations?

30. What was President Wilson’s warning to Germany?

31. What happened on May 7, 1915?

32. What was the Sussex Pledge?

 

 

From Neutrality to War

…summarize how President Wilson tried to bring about peace, explain why the United States moved toward war, describe how the government prepared for and managed the war effort and identify how the home front responded to the war.

 

Read and discuss pp. 691 – 696

 

Questions

1. Who tried to bring warring nations together in World War I?
2. What is a warmonger?
3. Who won the presidential election of 1916?
4. What message did Germany give neutral nations in the early part of 1917?
5. What was the Zimmerman telegram?
6. What two events in early 1917 led the United States closer to war?
7. What is a Czar?
8. Why did the Russians revolt against their czar?
9. What was Wilson’s reaction to the Russian Revolution?
10. On April 2, 1917 President Wilson went before Congress. What did he ask the Congress to do? What words did he use?
11. What did George M. Cohan write after the United States declared war on Germany?
12. What was the Selective Service Act?
13. What is a draft?
14. What was a result of many enlisted men being found to be illiterate?
15. What is bureaucracy?
16. What is a victory garden?
17. What is “meatless Tuesdays”?
18.  What is “wheatless Mondays”?
19. What was the War Industry Board?
20. What was the War Labor Board?
21. What were War Bonds and how were they helpful to the War?
22. What types of work did women do to help the war effort?
23. How were German Americans treated in the United States during World War I?
24. What was the Great Migration?
25. What is a pacifist?
26. What is a Socialist?
27. What did Congress do to encourage Liberty?

 

 

Americans in Battle

…identify the setbacks the Allies suffered in 1917 and early 1918, explain how the American Expeditionary Force helped the Allies win the war, and list the costs of the war.

Read and discuss pp. 698 – 702

Activities

 

Questions

1. When the Americans arrived in France in 1917 how did they find the allies?
2. Who were the Bolsheviks and what did they want to do?
3. Who led the Bolsheviks?
4. Who was Karl Marx and how did he influence Lenin?
5. What was the Treaty of brest-Litovsk?
6. What was the German “Peace Offensive?” Describe in detail.
7. Where else did the Germans set up their offensive.
8. Who commanded the American Expeditionary Force?
9.  

 

 

 

The Roaring Twenties

Politics and Prosperity

…identify scandals that hurt republicans in the 1920s, explain how Coolidge’s policies increased prosperity, and discuss the role the United States played in world affairs.

 

Read and discuss pp. 718 – 722

 

1. Why was there a recession or economic slump after World War I?
2. Why did the Republican, Warren Harding, win the election of 1920?
3. Who became the Secretary of the Treasury under President Harding?
4. Who became the Secretary of Commerce under President Harding?
5. Who was blamed for the death of President Harding?
6. Explain the Teapot Dome Scandal?
7. Who told Vice-president Coolidge that he was President?
8. What was President Coolidge’s nickname?
9. Was Coolidge elected President?
10. Explain Coolidge’s beliefs about prosperity and business?
11. What types of goods were people buying between 1923 and 1929?
12. What is installment buying?
13. What are stocks?
14. What is a bull market?
15. What is margin buying?
16. In 1928 and 1929 why did experts warn that the bull market could not last forever?
17. Who was the world’s leading economic power after World War I?
18. After World War I what was the position of the United States regarding getting involved in world affairs?
19. What type of involvement did the United States have in Latin America after World War I?
20. What was the world’s first communist state?
21. Who created this communist state?
22. What is communism?
23. What was the reaction of the United States to Russia becoming Communistic?
24. What is disarmament?
25. What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact?
26. What was a major flaw of the Kellog-Briand Pact?

 

 

 

 

New Ways of Life

…describe Prohibition, identify the new rights gained by women, and explain how the automobile and a new popular culture changed American life.

 

Read and discuss pp. 724 – 729

 

Questions

1. What was Prohibition?
2. What was the 18^th Amendment?
3. Who was responsible for the 18^th Amendment?
4. Who were bootleggers?
5. Why did organized crime rise during prohibition?
6. What was the 21^st Amendment?
7. What was the 19^th Amendment?
8. What is the League of Women Voters?
9. What was the Equal Rights Amendment?
10. Describe changes for working women of the 1920’s
11. What impact did the automobile have on the economy in the 1920s?
12. Why were more people able to buy cars in the 1920s?
13. Why did car prices fall?
14. What idea of Henry Ford affected the car?
15. How long did it take to build a car before the invention of the assembly and how long after the invention of the assembly line?
16. Why did General Motors sell more cars than Ford?
17. What types of jobs were created because of the car industry?
18. What type of social effects resulted in the of the car boom in the United States?
19. What is a suburb?
20. How did culture change by the introduction of the car?
21. How did the radio affect American life?
22. How did the movies affect American life?
23. Who was Charlie Chaplin?
24. What was a “talkie?”

 

 

 

 

The Roaring Twenties

…identify the fads and fashions of the 1920s, explain how a new group of writers and new jazz music affected American culture, describe the Harlem Renaissance, and identify the heroes who were celebrated during the 1920s.

 

Read and discuss pp. 730 – 734

 

Questions

1. What is a fad?
2. Name fads of the 1920s?
3. What was the Charleston?
4. What is a flapper?
5. Describe a flapper?
6. What is the birthplace of jazz?
7. What is jazz?
8. Who was Louis Armstrong?
9. What is an expatriates?
10. Who was Ernest Hemingway? What did he write?
11. Who was F. Scott Fitzgerald? What did he write?
12. Who was Sinclair Lewis? What award did he win?
13. Who was Edna St. Vincent Millay?
14. Who was Eugene O’Neill?
15. Describe the Harlem Renaissance?
16. Who was Langston Hughes?
17. Name important sports figures of the 1920s?
18. Who was “Lucky Lindy” and what did he do?

 

 

A Nation Divided

…identify the Americans who did not share in the prosperity of the 1920s, explain why Americans called for a limit on immigration, discuss what the Scopes and the revival of the Klan revealed about society in the 1920s.

 

Read and Discuss pp. 736 – 741

 

Questions

1. Name three industries that did not share in the prosperity of the 1920s? Why not?
2. What type of problems did farmers face in the 1920s?
3. What problems did labor face in the 1920s?
4. What was a company union? Why weren’t they successful?
5. What is sabotage?
6. What did Lenin the Communist leader of the Soviet Union call on workers everywhere to do?
7. Why were Americans afraid when they saw workers striking?
8. What is an anarchist?
9. Why were Americans afraid of foreigners?
10. Who is referred to as the “Red?”
11. What does deport mean?
12. Who were Sacco and Vanzetti? Explain in detail.
13. What is nativism?
14. What was the Emergency Quota Act?
15. Why was the Emergency Quota Act enacted?
16. Who did the quota system favor?
17. Why were some groups of people not welcomed in the United States?
18. Which groups of people came from Latin America?
19. Who was Charles Darwin?
20. What was Darwin’s theory of evolution?
21. Who is John Scopes?
22. Why was he put on trial? What was the result of the trial?

 

 

The Great Depression

 

The Great Crash

…identify the signs of economic trouble that led to the crash of 1929 and the Great Depression, describe how hard times affected American families, and explain how President Hoover’s response too the depression led to the actions of the Bonus Army.

 

Read and discuss pp. 746 – 751

Activities