Science – Section B 4-11 (Chapter 3)
Main Idea – Ecosystems are made up of living and nonliving things.
What makes up an ecosystem?
Ecosystem – All the living and nonliving things in an environment and how
they live together
*can be big or small
*populations – the same type of animals living in the same place
1. geese
2. sharks
3. mushrooms
*community – different populations living in the same place
1. forest
2. ocean
3. desert
community – ocean
populations – whales, sea stars, seaweed
*habitat – a living things home where it get everything it needs to
survive (food, water, shelter)
Living things in an ecosystem Nonliving things in an ecosystem
1. trees 1. soil
2. insects 2. rocks
3. bunnies 3. water
The Pond Habitat
1.frog – lives in the water and on the edge (This is the frog’s habitat.)
2.plants – live on the banks (This is the plants’ habitat.)
3.lily pads – live in the shallow water (This is the lily pads’ habitat.)
4.fish – live in the deep water (This is the fish’s habitat.)
Science – Section B 16-23 (Chapter 3)
Main Idea – Animals depend on plants for their food.
What makes up a food chain?
Food Chain – A series of organisms (living things) that depend on
one another for food
*ALWAYS start with producers!
Producers – Organisms that make their own food from water, air,
and energy from the sun.
*green plants
*one-celled organisms
Consumers – Organisms that CANNOT make their own food. They eat producers
and other consumers.
*animals
Producers - grass, flowers Consumers - deer, lion
Food Chain!
plant <-- insect <-- mouse <-- snake <-- hawk
producer consumer consumer consumer consumer
algae <-- fish <-- shellfish <-- small fish <-- large fish <-- killer whale
producer consumer consumer consumer consumer consumer
How are materials recycled?
Decomposers – organisms that break down dead plant and animal materials
What is *recycles chemicals to be used again
its job? *bacteria (one-celled organisms that can make you
sick)
*fungi (mushrooms, mold)
What is a food web?
*A food web is made up of many different food chains that are connected.
Desert Food Chain – plant <-- insect <-- mouse <-- snake <-- hawk
Who else could eat these organisms?
Different consumers eat different foods.
*Herbivore – eats only plants
*Carnivore – eats only other animals
*Omnivore – eats plants and animals
Energy Pyramid
Science – Section B 26-33 (Chapter 3)
Main Idea – Living things depend on one another in many ways.
How do living things use air?
OXYGEN!! – We need it!!
It’s in air!!
Fish get it from water!!
We get it from plants!!
*Plants give us oxygen and we give them carbon dioxide.
The Carbon Dioxide/Oxygen Cycle
*The greatest supply of oxygen comes from the ocean.
- Algae make more oxygen than all the land plants in the world!!
How do populations depend on each other?
-They eat each other!!!
Some animals are hunters (predators).
-They have body parts that help them run fast.
-They have a great sense of sight and smell.
*Predators are good because without them the populations of many animals
would grow too big!
-Not all predators kill what they eat. There are predators called
scavengers who eat what has already been killed.
Some animals are hunted (prey).
How can populations affect each other?
1.They keep each other safe. (clownfish/sea anemone)
2.They keep each other clean. (buffalo/oxpecker)
3.They help them find food. (cow/egret)
4.They hurt each other. (parasite/host)
How do animals help plants reproduce?
1.Squirrels bury acorns.
2.Bees carry pollen from the flowers.
3.Birds eat the seeds and get rid of the ones they don’t want.
4.Dogs carry seeds on their coats.
