The following is a list of the Labs as we did them last year...
the order WILL change this year, but I'll update it as we go!

LOOK FOR THE LAB # to tell you which ones are labs we are doing or have 
done

1. LAB #1: HURRICANE KATRINA
2. LAB #2: EARTH'S SHAPE
3. LAB #3: NYS LANDSCAPES
4. LAB #4: TIME ZONES
5. LAB #5-6: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS
6. LAB #7: DENSITY
7. LAB #8 - TECTONIC PLATES
8. LAB #9 - HAWAIIAN HOTSPOTS
9. LAB #10: EARTHQUAKES
10. LAB #11-12: MINERAL IDENTIFICATION
11. LAB #13-14: ROCK CLASSIFICATION
12. LAB #15: GROUNDWATER + PPC
13. LAB #16:WEATHERING
14. LAB #17:STREAM VELOCITY
15. LAB #18: DEPOSITION
16. LAB #19-20: GEOLOGIC TIME
17. LAB #22: CORRELATING ROCK LAYERS
18. LAB #23-24: CONSTELLATION CONNECTION
19. LAB #25 - H-R DIAGRAM
20. LAB #26 - ELLIPSES
21. LAB #27 - THE MOON
22. LAB #28 - RELATIVE HUMIDITY
23. LAB #29-30 - CURRENT WEATHER
24. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
25. SEAFLOOR MAPPING
26. SUNSPOTS
27. SEA FLOOR SPREADING
28. STORM TRACKING
29. CONTINENTAL DRIFT
30. RADIOACTIVE DECAY
31. GEOLOGIC CROSS-SECTIONS
32. DETERMINING CLOUD BASE
33. PLATE TECTONICS

LAB #1: HURRICANE KATRINA

In one or more paragraphs, demonstrate your understanding of:

-- the Saffir-Simpson Scale 
-- the factors that cause a hurricane to change in strength 
   and how hurricane strength is changed
-- the relationship between air pressure and wind speed

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LAB #2: EARTH'S SHAPE

In one or more paragraphs, demonstrate your understanding of:

-- what a roundness ratio is and how it's used to tell planet shape
-- the true shape of Earth, Jupiter and a globe using their roundness ratio values.

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LAB #3: NYS LANDSCAPES

In one or more paragraphs, be able to:

-- identify, describe and provide examples of the features 
   of the 3 main landscape regions found in NYS 
   (be sure to discuss bedrock type and elevation) 
          ***The more detail...the better!

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LAB #4: TIME ZONES

In one or more paragraphs, be able to:

-- Describe the differences between latitude and longitude 
   (discuss at least 3 differences)
-- Tell how Polaris can be used to determine an observers latitude
   (be sure to give an example)
-- Describe how your longitude is related to your time zone
   (provide an example based upon GMT)

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LAB #5-6: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS

In one or more paragraphs, be able to:

-- Describe what a topographic map is

-- Tell how gradient/steepness can be determined 
   by looking at contour lines

-- Tell how the direction of stream flow can be 
   determined by looking at contour lines

-- Describe how you would find the highest possible 
   elevation using contour lines

-- Identify 2 real world uses/careers involving a 
   topographic map.  Be specific as to how they are used.  
   

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LAB #7: DENSITY

In one or more paragraphs, be able to:

-- Define what density is and tell how it is calculated.

-- Describe HOW density would change if mass is increased, but 
   volume is not

-- Describe the relationship between density and temperature

-- Describe the relationship between density and pressure

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LAB #8 - TECTONIC PLATES

In one or more paragraphs, be able to:

--- Identify and describe the four main types of plate movement.

--- Provide an example of a plate boundary for each of the four 
    types of plate movement.

--- Identify a tectonic feature/event for each of the 4 types 
    of plate movement

--- Provide a description of and tell the location of the "Ring of Fire".

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LAB #9 - HAWAIIAN HOTSPOTS

In one or more paragraphs, be able to:

-- Explain, IN DETAIL, what formed the Hawaiian Islands.

-- Identify the direction of movement of the Pacific Plate.

-- Describe the age and size of the Hawaiian Islands as 
   you move westward up the chain.

-- Explain why Yellowstone can be a hotspot yet not be volcanic.

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LAB #10: EARTHQUAKES

In one or more paragraphs, be able to:

-- Describe 3 major differences between P waves and S waves.

-- Tell how P and S waves are used to help infer the properties 
   of Earth's interior.

-- Describe the relationship between the P and S wave lag time 
   and the distance to an earthquake epicenter.

-- Describe 3 ways that you might prepare for the possibility of 
   an earthquake. (NOT DURING...)

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LAB #11-12: MINERAL IDENTIFICATION

-- Describe in detail the streak and hardness tests used to help 
   identify a mineral sample.

-- Explain what determines the hardness and cleavage of a mineral.

-- Describe what features to look for in a mineral that has cleavage.

-- Explain why a great number of minerals are classified as silicates.

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LAB #13-14: ROCK CLASSIFICATION

-- Describe (using key terms) the method and location 
   of formation for each of the 3 different rock types. 
   
-- Describe, in detail, the main differences between 
   clastic and non-clastic sedimentary rocks.  
   Provide examples with your descriptions.

-- Describe the 4 different textures that igneous 
   rocks can have; explaining how each texture is 
   related to cooling time.  Provide examples of each.

-- Tell why all three rock types contain the same 
   basic mineral composition.

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LAB #15: GROUNDWATER + PPC

-- Define the terms permeability, porosity and capillarity.

-- Tell what conditions will create the greatest permeability, 
   the greatetst porosity and the greatest capillarity.
   (Write about each individually).

-- Compare the permeability, porosity and capillarity of equal 
   volumes of sand (.05cm) and pebbles (2.5 cm).  Use terms of  
   greater, equal or lesser in your comparison.

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LAB #16:WEATHERING

-- Provide 2 examples of both physical weathering and chemical 
   weathering

-- Identify the factors that affect weathering rate. 

-- Describe the relationship between climate conditions (temp and moisture)and weathering type.

-- Tell what type of weathering (phys or chem) is dominant in NYS and tell why.

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LAB #17:STREAM VELOCITY

-- Identify the 3 factors that determine the velocity of a stream.

-- Describe the erosion/deposition pattern that occurs along a 
   meandering stream.

-- Describe the manner in which different size particles (small, 
   medium, large) are transported in a stream.

-- Identify the relationship between stream velocity and particle 
   size carried.

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LAB #18: DEPOSITION

-- Tell the difference between a time and a rate.

-- Tell what factors help determine the settling rate of 
   sediment.  Include detail about which conditions will cause a  
   particle to settle faster.

-- Describe the difference between the cause of horizontal 
   sorting and vertical sorting

-- Identify the relationship between:
          particle size and settling time 
          particle size and settling rate

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LAB #19-20: GEOLOGIC TIME

-- Tell the basis for the time divisions of Earths geologic history.  

-- Explain the changes in life forms that have occurred during 
   the 3 major eras.  Use detail and your ESRT to provide  
   highlights.

-- Describe the geologic period of the Devonian, giving detail about 
   the life forms that existed, geologic events that occurred and 
   the environment in NYS during that time.

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LAB #22: CORRELATING ROCK LAYERS

-- Identify 3 geologic principles that are used when 
   sequencing/rock outcrops

--  Identify 4 features of a rock formation that can help a 
    geologist correlate rock layers over a large distance 

-- Explain the relative age of a fault/intrusion that cuts 
through several rock layers.

-- Explain what makes Eurypterus a good index fossil for the 
   Silurian period.

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LAB #23-24: CONSTELLATION CONNECTION

-- Describe how objects can be located in the night sky using the 
   system of RA and DEC.  Provide the RA and DEC for Sirius as an 
   example.

-- Identify the relationship between temperature and brightness 
   of stars 

-- Describe how color can be used to determine the temperature of 
   a star.

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LAB #25 - H-R DIAGRAM

-- Identify five relationships that can be found between the 
   properties of stars on the H-R Diagram. 
   (number them 12345 in your conclusion)

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LAB #26 - ELLIPSES

-- Describe what eccentricity is and tell how it is calculated

-- Tell how an eccentricity value is used to 
   determine the shape of an orbit

-- Describe 3 changes that occur as a planet orbits closer to the Sun.

-- Explain 3 differences between the Geocentric and Heliocentric  
   Solar System models

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LAB #27 - THE MOON

-- Describe what moon motion causes the moons phases, be specific

-- List the eight major moon phases starting with new

-- Describe the difference between the cause of a solar and lunar 
   eclipse

-- Explain how and why tides change on a daily basis

-- Explain how and why tides change on a monthly basis

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LAB #28 - RELATIVE HUMIDITY

-- Explain what is meant by relative humidity 

-- Describe two ways that air can become saturated

-- Explain what the dew point temperature is

-- Tell how the relationship between the air temperature and dew 
   point temperature can be used to predict the “chance of 
   precipitation”

-- Tell how to use your ESRT to find the humidity or dew point 
   value given wet and dry bulb readings.

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LAB #29-30 - CURRENT WEATHER

-- Draw a diagram showing where/how the following weather data is 
   recorded on a station model. (air temperature, dew point 
   temperature, air pressure, wind speed, wind direction, cloud 
   cover, precipitation amount, barometric tendency, present  
   weather)

-- Describe how to convert from a long form millibar reading to 
   its short form to put it on a station model. Then tell how 
   to convert a short form millibar reading into a long form.   
   Provide examples to go with your descriptions.

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Answer #24 (blank)

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SEAFLOOR MAPPING

--  Describe the topography of the seafloor features listed: 
            abyssal plains
            Continental shelf 
            continental slope
            continental rise
            mid-ocean ridge

-- State 2 differences between terrigineous and pelagic 
   sediments

-- Describe the Atlantic seafloor formation in terms of plate 
   tectonics  Provide as much detail as you can from our Plate 
   Tectonics unit (rock age, rock type, plate boundary type, 
   Pangea breakup, geologic period, etc.)
            

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SUNSPOTS

-- Identify and describe the cyclic pattern that exists with the 
   Solar Cycle.

-- Explain with detail what causes sunspots.

-- Tell what effects here on Earth result from sunspots.

-- Explain in detail what sunspots can tell us about the Suns 
   rotation.

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SEA FLOOR SPREADING

-- Describe the type of plate movement associated with the Mid-
   Atlantic Ridge

-- Compare the thickness, density and rock type of oceanic vs. 
   continental crust

-- In terms of moving across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from west to 
   east, describe the patterns found in the bedrock as related to:
              rock age, ocean depth and magnetic polarity
    
 

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STORM TRACKING

-- Compare the storm tracks of all three maps and 
   then generalize to describe the path that storms 
   take over the US and tell what factor influences 
   this path.

-- Describe where, when and why hurricanes form. 

-- Identify the factors that can cause a hurricane 
   to increase or decrease in intensity. Be sure to 
   tell how these factors change intensity.  

-- Describe the Saffir/Simpson and Fujita Scales. 
   Tell what each scale rates and describe the 
   difference between a Category V and and an F-5 
   rating.

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CONTINENTAL DRIFT

-- Identify and describe three (3) pieces of evidence that 
   Wegener used to support his Theory of Continental Drift.

-- Give an example of a displaced fossil and tell how it could 
   lead to the conclusion that the continents have been in   
   different positions in the past.

-- Tell why the modern theory of Plate Tectonics is more commonly 
   accepted (accurate) than Wegeners Theory of Continental Drift.

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RADIOACTIVE DECAY

-- Provide two examples of isotopes, identify their decay 
   products and their halflife values.

-- Explain how radioactive isotopes and their decay products are 
   used to date rocks.

-- Explain which isotope would work best and why for:
               **Pleistocene remains approx 20,000 yrs old
               **Rock samples brought back from the moon

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GEOLOGIC CROSS-SECTIONS

-- Identify and describe the 3 basic principles used to sequence 
   a geologic cross-section.

-- Describe how you can tell the relative age of a fault, 
   intrusion or extrusion.

-- Tell what an index fossil is and provide an example of an 
   index fossil from the Devonian period of NY fossil record.

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DETERMINING CLOUD BASE

--  Describe the difference between the cooling rates of dry and 
    moist air.  Be sure to include lapse rate values.

--  Explain how the name of a cloud can tell you something about 
    its altitude and/or moisture content.

--  Tell what the relationship is between cloud base, altitude 
    and relative humidity.

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PLATE TECTONICS

-- Identify the name and location of the pattern of Q + V plotted 
   on your map.

-- Describe the differences (in detail) between the three 
   different types of plate movement.  

-- Provide examples of actual plate boundaries where each occurs. 
   (ex. North American vs. Pacific, etc.)

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