The following is a list of the Labs as we did them last year...
the order WILL change this year, but I'll update it as we go!

LOOK FOR THE LAB # to tell you which ones are labs we are doing or have 
done

1. #1: HURRICANE KATRINA
2. #2: EARTH'S SHAPE
3. #3: NYS LANDSCAPES
4. #4: LATITUDE + LONGITUDE
5. #5-6: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS
6. #7: DENSITY
7. #8: CONTINENTAL DRIFT
8. #9: PLATE TECTONICS
9. #10: EARTHQUAKES
10. MINERAL IDENTIFICATION
11. ROCK CLASSIFICATION
12. GROUNDWATER + PPC
13. WEATHERING RATE
14. STREAM VELOCITY
15. DEPOSITION
16. GLACIAL TOPOGRAPHY
17. GEOLOGIC TIMELINE
18. GEOLOGIC CROSS-SECTIONS
19. RADIOACTIVE DECAY
20. H-R DIAGRAM
21. SUNSPOTS
22. LAB #24 - ELLIPSES
23. LAB 25-26 - THE MOON
24. LAB 27: CURRENT WEATHER
25. LAB 28: RELATIVE HUMIDITY
26. LAB 29-30: STORM TRACKING

#1: HURRICANE KATRINA

--  Describe the Saffir-Simpson Scale, telling what data is used 
    in determining the rank of a hurricane

-- Identify what factors will cause a hurricane to gain and lose 
   strength

-- Identify the relationship between air pressure and wind speed

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#2: EARTH'S SHAPE

-- Describe what a roundness ratio is

-- Tell how the value of a roundness ratio can help you to 
   determine the shape of an object.

-- Identify the roundness ratio of Earth, Jupiter and a globe.

-- Provide a description of the true shape of Earth, Jupiter and 
   a globe using their roundness ratio value.

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#3: NYS LANDSCAPES

-- Identify the latitude and longitude coordinates of Hornell and 
   at least 2 other cities in NYS.

-- Identify 2 major rivers and 3 major lakes of NYS.

-- Identify, describe and provide examples of the 3 types of 
   landscapes that exist in NYS.

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#4: LATITUDE + LONGITUDE

-- Identify three differences between latitude and longitude 
   (state your differences in pairs)

-- Describe how Polaris can be used to determine latitude in the 
   Northern Hemisphere

-- Describe how longitude and GMT can be used to determine your 
   local time, using an example that you create.

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#5-6: TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS

-- Describe how a topographic map is different from a regular map

-- Describe what gradient is and tell how it is calculated

-- Describe how contour lines tell the direction of stream flow

-- Describe how contour lines indicate where a slope is steep

-- Describe how to find the highest possible elevation using 
   contour lines

-- Describe what features a topographic profile can show

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#7: DENSITY

-- Define what density is and tell how it is calculated.

-- Describe how density would change if mass is increased, but 
   volume is not

-- Describe the relationship between density and temperature

-- Describe the relationship between density and pressure

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#8: CONTINENTAL DRIFT

-- Identify and describe three (3) pieces of evidence that 
   Wegener used to support his Theory of Continental Drift.

-- Give an example of a displaced fossil and tell how it could 
   lead to the conclusion that the continents have been in   
   different positions in the past.

-- Tell why the modern theory of Plate Tectonics is more commonly 
   accepted (accurate) than Wegeners Theory of Continental Drift.

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#9: PLATE TECTONICS

-- Identify the name and location of the pattern of Q + V plotted 
   on your map.

-- Describe the differences (in detail) between the three 
   different types of plate movement.  

-- Provide examples of actual plate boundaries where each occurs. 
   (ex. North American vs. Pacific, etc.)

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#10: EARTHQUAKES

-- Describe 5 major differences between P waves and S waves.

-- Tell how P and S waves are used to help infer the properties 
   of Earth's interior.

-- Describe how you can use P and S waves to locate the exact 
   position of an earthquake epicenter.

-- Describe 3 ways that you might prepare for the possibility of 
   an earthquake.

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MINERAL IDENTIFICATION

-- Identify and describe in detail the various tests used to help 
   identify a mineral sample.

-- Explain what determines the hardness and cleavage of a mineral.

-- Describe what to look for in a mineral that has cleavage.

-- Tell why the rocks that make up the Earths crust contain the 
   same common minerals.

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ROCK CLASSIFICATION

-- Describe the differences between how and where the three main 
   classes of rocks form.

-- Describe the breakdown in classification of sedimentary 
   rocks.  Provide examples

-- Describe the breakdown in classification of igneous rocks. 
   Provide examples.

-- Tell why all three rock types contain the same basic mineral 
   composition.

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GROUNDWATER + PPC

-- Define the terms permeability, porosity and capillarity.

-- Tell what conditions will maximize each soil characteristic.

-- Identify exactly what type of soil each bead size represents. 
   See ESRT for values.

-- Compare the permeability, porosity and capillarity of equal 
   volumes of sand (.05cm) and pebbles (2.5 cm).  Use terms of  
   greater, equal or lesser in your comparison.

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WEATHERING RATE

-- Provide 2 examples of both physical weathering and chemical 
   weathering

-- Identify the factors that affect weathering rate. 

-- Describe the relationship between climate and weathering type.

-- Tell what type of weathering is dominant in NYS and why.

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STREAM VELOCITY

-- Identify the 3 factors that determine the velocity of a stream.

-- Describe the erosion/deposition pattern that occurs along a 
   meandering stream.

-- Describe the manner in which different size particles (small, 
   medium, large) are transported in a stream.

-- Identify the relationship between stream velocity and particle 
   size carried.

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DEPOSITION

-- Tell the difference between a time and a rate.

-- Tell what factors help determine the settling rate of 
   sediment.  Include detail about which conditions will cause a  
   particle to settle faster.

-- Describe the difference between the cause of horizontal 
   sorting and vertical sorting

-- Identify the relationship between:
          particle size and settling time 
          particle size and settling rate

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GLACIAL TOPOGRAPHY

-- Identify 3 types of deposits that are left behind by a glacier.

-- Write a comparison between the deposition left by a stream vs. 
   the deposition left by a glacier.

-- Tell how moraines and drumlins can tell the direction of 
   glacial movement

-- Tell why Long Island is significant to the last Ice Age that 
   occurred in NYS.

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GEOLOGIC TIMELINE

-- Tell the basis for the divisions of Earths geologic history.   

-- Explain the changes in life forms that have occurred during 
   the 3 major eras.  Use detail and your ESRT to provide  
   highlights.

-- Describe the geologic period you chose, giving detail about 
   the life forms that existed, geologic events that occurred and 
   the environment in NYS during that time.

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GEOLOGIC CROSS-SECTIONS

-- Identify and describe the 3 basic principles used to sequence 
   a geologic cross-section.

-- Describe how you can tell the relative age of a fault, 
   intrusion or extrusion.

-- Tell what an index fossil is and provide an example of an 
   index fossil from the Devonian period of NY fossil record.

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RADIOACTIVE DECAY

-- Provide two examples of isotopes, identify their decay 
   products and their halflife values.

-- Explain how radioactive isotopes and their decay products are 
   used to date rocks.

-- Explain which isotope would work best and why for:
               **Pleistocene remains approx 20,000 yrs old
               **Rock samples brought back from the moon

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H-R DIAGRAM

-- Identify the sequence of events involved in the typical life 
   cycle of a star (the Sun).

-- Identify the relationship between temperature and luminosity 
   (brightness)of stars 

-- Describe how color can be used to determine the temperature of 
   a star.

-- Design a small chart indicating the color, size, brightness 
   and temperature of main sequence, red giant, white dwarf and 
   supergiant stars.

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SUNSPOTS

-- Identify and describe the cyclic pattern that exists with the 
   Solar Cycle.

-- Explain with detail what causes sunspots.

-- Tell what effects here on Earth result from sunspots.

-- Explain in detail what sunspots can tell us about the Suns 
   rotation.

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LAB #24 - ELLIPSES

-- Describe what eccentricity is and tell how it is calculated

-- Tell how an eccentricity value is used to 
   determine the shape of an orbit

-- Describe 3 changes that occur as a planet orbits closer to and 
   then farther away from the Sun.

-- Explain 3 differences between the Geocentric and Heliocentric  
   Solar System models

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LAB 25-26 - THE MOON

-- Describe what moon motion causes the moons phases

-- List the eight major moon phases starting with new

-- Describe the difference between the cause of a solar and lunar 
   eclipse

-- Explain how tides are affected by Earth's rotation 

-- Explain how tides are affected by the moons revolution around  
   Earth

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LAB 27: CURRENT WEATHER

-- Draw a diagram showing where/how the following weather data is 
   recorded on a station model. (air temperature, dew point 
   temperature, air pressure, wind speed, wind direction, cloud 
   cover, precipitation amount, barometric tendency, present  
   weather)

-- Describe how to convert from a long form millibar reading to 
   its short form to put it on a station model. Then tell how 
   to convert a short form millibar reading into a long form.   
   Provide examples to go with your descriptions.

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LAB 28: RELATIVE HUMIDITY

-- Explain what is meant by relative humidity 

-- Describe two ways that air can become saturated

-- Explain what the dew point temperature is

-- Tell how the relationship between the air temperature and dew 
   point temperature can be used to predict the “chance of 
   precipitation”

-- Tell how to use your ESRT to find the humidity or dew point 
   value given wet and dry bulb readings.

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LAB 29-30: STORM TRACKING

-- Compare the storm tracks of all three maps and 
   then generalize to describe the path that storms 
   take over the US and tell what factor influences 
   this path.

-- Describe where, when and why hurricanes form. 

-- Identify the factors that can cause a hurricane 
   to increase or decrease in intensity. Be sure to 
   tell how these factors change intensity.  

-- Describe the Saffir/Simpson and Fujita Scales. 
   Tell what each scale rates and describe the 
   difference between a Category V and and an F-5 
   rating.

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