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Curriculum for outcomes-based Practice-based Learning and Improvement
(one of the ACGME six general competencies):
(updated 2/1/04 by James Hellerman, MD)
Outline
I. Nuts and Bolts (or Introduction)
II. Measurable Goals & Objectives ("Outcomes")
III. Teaching Methods ("How you will learn")
IV. Outcome Assessment and Feedback
The ABIM states that “Residents are expected to be able to use
scientific evidence and methods to investigate, evaluate, and
improve patient care.
Identify areas for improvement and implement strategies to
enhance knowledge, skills, attitudes and processes of care.
Analyze and evaluate practice experiences and improvement
strategies to continually improve the quality of patient care.
Develop and maintain a willingness to learn from and use errors
to improve the systems or processes of care.
Use information technology to access and manage information,
support patient care decisions, and enhance both patient and
physician education.”
Understanding the quality improvement, patient safety, error
reduction goals of JCAHO as well as the practice-improvement
aspects of EBM are important components of this competency.
A. Key Faculty
EBM Overview: Debra Bonelli
Drs. Kulshrestha, Patel, Dharapak
Quality Assurance: Debra Kramer
JCAHO: Dr. Barmecha
Chart Reviews: All faculty
B. Practice-based learning and Improvement will be taught
By floor teaching attendings, clinic preceptors, and at
Orientation. Residents will also have prescribed
independent study activities.
II. Measurable Goals and Objectives for Practice-based Learning and
Improvement
A. Outcomes required to document competency
The fundamental goals of this curriculum are for residents
to:
[ ] demonstrate a desire for formative feedback
[ ] participate in QI activities of the Hospital, such as
M&M conferences, journal clubs, CPCs, etc
[ ] demonstrate strategies to reduce medical risks, reduce
errors, and the ability to learn from mistakes
[ ] write accurate, legible, appropriate prescriptions
[ ] review autopsy findings to understand illness
[ ] respect patient rights
[ ] maintain a secure patient log
[ ] analyze own patient population and perform
practice-based quality improvement activities
[ ] utilize information technology to support efficient
evidence-based medical care and consultations
[ ] use new patient-care medical problems as an opportunity
to learn (rather than just calling a consult)
[ ] know when to apply expert consensus and/or
evidence-based population guidelines to a specific
patient, and when it is preferable to rely on clinical
“pearls” and/or “mindful practice.”
The paragraphs below describe the knowledge,
skills, attitudes, and habits that residents will
demonstrate to indicate competency at each level of
training. Such competency progresses from "knowing" to
"knowing how" to “can teach”.
B. Demonstrate the following:
Knowledge/Skills
PGY-1
- Recognize situations where the individual(s), not the
system, is responsible for errors
- Know what SOTP and SHCOOL have to do with Quality
- See how hospitalization may be experienced from
the patient’s view (Annals of Int Med 2002)
- Mistakes occur at Duke,
at Children’s Hospital in Boston, and
Johns Hopkins
- Know JCAHO goals of quality, safety, and rights for
patients and current JCAHO QI initiatives
- Know how illegible prescriptions (AMA News) contribute
to error
- Know how failure to wash hands/follow infection
control protocol can lead to serious infections
(Readers Digest)
- Recognize the risk that medical errors will occur from
the discontinuity of care that occurs on transitioning
from inpatient to outpatient care
(JGIM-2003, Carlton Moore)
- Review what residents had to say about issues that
increase the risk of errors (including poor
sign out) (NEJM) as well as Dr. Berwick’s
editorial (Cries for Help)
- Know strategies to reduce errors, especially when it
comes to prescriptions
- Mayo Clinic 2003: Transfusion errors
- Medication errors (in the ICU)
- Break out from the Culture of Silence
- Know how to use technology to perform computerized
search using OVID, PubMed, Google.
PGY-2 will also
- Be familiar with current CMS Quality initiatives
- Know what is the AHRQ?
And why is AHRQ important?
- What is IHI?
And who is Dr. Donald Berwick?
- Be familiar with Dr. Berwick’s efforts to improve
quality at the end of life
- And Dr. Leape?
- Know who is the IOM, and do they forgive if we err?
- What are the 10 points to improve patient care listed
in Crossing the Quality Chasm, published by the IOM
- Be familiar with 20 areas for quality improvement
focused on by the IOM Bridge to Quality now
PGY-3 will also be familiar with the following:
- The physician’s role in chasing quality
- How we implement PBLI at SBH (Dr. Barmecha)
- Who was Dr. Deming? (Dr. PDCA/PDSA)
- Using PDSA to improve diabetes care
- PDSA in the classroom or by the NHS
- PDSA used by a family practice office
- PDSA used by family practice, step 2
- PDSA used by family practice, step 3
- PDSA used by family practice curriculum
- NCQA for physician QI
- What is a sentinel event? What is root cause
analysis?
- Resident Research as QI
III. Teaching Methods and How You Will Learn
Residents will acquire the above knowledge, skills,
attitudes and habits by utilizing the following:
Videos/DVDs:
Tufts Health Care Institute
Reading: Online references above plus:
Epstein RM. Mindful practice. JAMA. 1999; 282:833
Callahan M, Fein O, Battleman D. A practice-
Profiling system for residents. Acad Med. 2002;
77:34-9
Making Medical Decisions - Richard A. Gross
Conferences:
Dr. Barmecha on PBLI, PDSA, RCA, sentinel event
IOM, IHI, NCQA, AHRQ, JCAHO
Debra Kramer on QA/QI
Pharmacy: error reduction
Dr. Schwartz: systems to avoid transfusion errors
Deborah Bonelli: Boolian searches on OVID and PubMed
Experiences:
Clinic, Hospital observation of Faculty
PGY-1 participate in OSCE with “standardized
resident”
PGY-2 function as “standardized residents”
PGY-3 and CMRs record and review
[see also other Curricula: Adolescent,
Cultural
Geriatric]
Vignettes: planned for future
Competency at each level of training in this
discipline will be documented by the resident by
means of the following:
Knowledge: PGY-1 Quiz or paper on QA/QI
Documentation of literature search
Skills
Utilize PDA for QI
Portfolio (CTC)
ABIM Global Rating
PGY-2 Quiz or paper on QA/QI
Portfolio
PGY- 3 Quiz or paper on QA/QI
Complete research project
"In theory there is no difference between theory and practice - in practice,
there is." ---Yogi Berra