Coral Reef Facts- Study Sheet for Test on 10/28/09.
1. Coral Reefs are known as the "Rainforest of the
Sea".
2. Corals offer food, shelter and safety from the predators
of the sea.
3. Reef require specific conditions to grow:
*
High Salinity
*
Wave Action
*
Temperatures ranging from 68-82 Degrees Fahrenheit
*
Clear Waters
4. Coral reefs are primarily found in a 1500-mile band
around the equator, generally between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn.
5. Three types of Reefs:
*
Fringing Reefs - form borders around the shorelines of islands
Example-
Hawaiian Islands
*
Barrier Reefs- separated from the shore by a shallow lagoon
Example- Great
Barrier Reef
*
Atoll Reefs- Ring-shaped reef formations that surround shallow lagoons
Example- Many
of them in the Pacific Ocean
6. Hard Coral- an outer skeleton of calcium carbonate
7. Soft Coral- embedded bits of calcium carbonate
8. A polyp is a tiny animal that looks like an upside-down
jellyfish
9. At night, polyps emerge & wave their tentacles in the
water to catch microscopic organisms called plankton.
10. Each polyp harbors within its body special algae called
zooxanthellae.
11. Zooxanthellae are 1-celled plants that use sunlight and
carbon dioxide to conduct photosynthesis, a process that produces oxygen and
other nutrients needed by polyps.
12. A mutually beneficial relationship is called symbiosis.
13. Some coral reefs are capable of growing up to 15
centimeters a year.
14. Corals are damaged and destroyed by: pollution,
deforestation, fishing and collecting.
15. Coral belong to the group of animals called
Coelenterates.
16. The surface of each tentacle has thousands of special
cells called cnidoblasts.
17. Each
cnidoblast contains spring-loaded stinging capsules called nematocysts.
18. Coral reefs protect coastal communities by acting as a
breakwater. This weakens storm and
typhoon waves and reduces wave damage.
19. Herbicides and insecticides can harm fish and corals.
Hawaiian Island Coral
Reef Word Search
Due on 10/28/09 - On Back of Review Sheet
Nihoa Coral
Mokumanamana Atoll
French Frigate Sand
Gardner Pinnacles Seamount
Volcano Monk
Seal
Laysan Loulu
Palm
Lisianski Limu
Pearl Ulua
Hermes Shark
Midway Shipwreck
Kure Tern
Hot Spot Sanctuary
|
X
|
D
|
A
|
H
|
C
|
R
|
A
|
E
|
S
|
D
|
R
|
O
|
W
|
S
|
|
A
|
K
|
C
|
E
|
R
|
W
|
P
|
I
|
H
|
S
|
K
|
E
|
S
|
E
|
|
B
|
F
|
Q
|
R
|
P
|
D
|
W
|
S
|
H
|
R
|
M
|
I
|
E
|
L
|
|
P
|
M
|
O
|
K
|
U
|
M
|
A
|
N
|
A
|
M
|
A
|
N
|
A
|
C
|
|
E
|
E
|
B
|
R
|
V
|
C
|
L
|
H
|
H
|
R
|
I
|
P
|
M
|
A
|
|
A
|
X
|
T
|
T
|
O
|
P
|
S
|
T
|
O
|
H
|
H
|
T
|
O
|
N
|
|
R
|
M
|
A
|
A
|
E
|
E
|
R
|
O
|
O
|
R
|
A
|
M
|
U
|
N
|
|
L
|
P
|
Y
|
S
|
G
|
L
|
D
|
A
|
S
|
L
|
P
|
O
|
N
|
I
|
|
S
|
S
|
A
|
N
|
D
|
I
|
Z
|
E
|
L
|
I
|
I
|
N
|
T
|
P
|
|
E
|
A
|
W
|
M
|
R
|
S
|
R
|
O
|
U
|
M
|
B
|
K
|
N
|
R
|
|
M
|
N
|
D
|
E
|
L
|
I
|
T
|
F
|
U
|
U
|
A
|
S
|
C
|
E
|
|
R
|
C
|
I
|
T
|
A
|
A
|
O
|
R
|
H
|
U
|
T
|
E
|
U
|
N
|
|
E
|
T
|
M
|
A
|
Y
|
N
|
P
|
N
|
L
|
C
|
T
|
A
|
B
|
D
|
|
H
|
U
|
E
|
D
|
S
|
S
|
G
|
U
|
A
|
Y
|
N
|
L
|
Q
|
R
|
|
S
|
A
|
T
|
R
|
A
|
K
|
M
|
Q
|
L
|
C
|
E
|
E
|
L
|
A
|
|
E
|
R
|
A
|
S
|
N
|
I
|
U
|
W
|
S
|
U
|
L
|
L
|
R
|
G
|
|
E
|
Y
|
N
|
D
|
B
|
K
|
Z
|
R
|
F
|
K
|
O
|
O
|
T
|
F
|
|
N
|
W
|
C
|
O
|
R
|
A
|
L
|
D
|
E
|
B
|
E
|
L
|
V
|
Y
|