Biomolecules,
Enzymes Index
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Control (Negative, Positive),
Control group
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Variables: Constant
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Variables: Dependent, Independent
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Scientific Theory
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Hypothesis
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Biomolecules
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Polymers
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Monomers
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Subunits
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Proteins, Polypeptides
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Amino Acids
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Carbohydrates
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Polysaccharides (Starch,
Cellulose)
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Monosaccharides (Glucose, Ribose)
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Lipids
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Fatty Acids, Glycerol
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Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA)
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Nucleotides
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Benedict Reaction
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Iodine test
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Enzyme
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Catalyst
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Chemical Reaction
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Activation Energy
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Active Site
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Substrate
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Lock and Key Model
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used.
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Water Structure
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Polarity
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pH (‘Power of Hydrogen’)
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Hydrophobic
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Hydrophilic
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Lipids, Phospholipids
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Lipid Bilayer
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Concentration Gradient
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Diffusion
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Osmosis
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Plasmolysis
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Semi-Permeable Membrane
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Hypotonic
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Hypertonic
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Isotonic
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Dialysis
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Passive Transport
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Active Transport
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Facilitated Diffusion
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Protein Channels
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Ion Pumps
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Endocytosis, Exocytosis
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Vesicular Transport
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Microscopes
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Eukaryotes, Prokaryotes
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Animals Cell, Plant Cell
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Organelles
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Mitochondria, Chloroplast
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER),
Golgi Apparatus
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Nucleus, Ribosomes, Cytoplasm
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Vacuole, Lisosome, Vesicles
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Cytoskeleton
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Energy (Chemical)
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Metabolism
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Adenosine Tris-Phosphate (ATP)
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Adenosine Dis-Phosphate (ADP)
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ATP-ADP Cycle
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Photosynthesis
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Pigment
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Chlorophyll
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Chloroplast
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Thylakoids, Grana
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Stroma, Lumen
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Light-dependent reactions
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Light-independent Reactions
(Calvin Cycle)
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Conditions for photosynthesis
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NADPH / NADP+
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Respiration
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Fermentation
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Mitochondria
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Glycolysis
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Kreb’s Cycle
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Electron Transport Chain
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NADH / NAD+
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Autotroph
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Heterotroph
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used.
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
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Nucleotides
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Nitrogen Base
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Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine,
Thymine
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Base-Pairing Rules
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Double Helix
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Watson and Crick
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Chargaff Rules
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Complementary Strand
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Anti-parallel
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Replication
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Semi-conservative
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Gene
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Gene Expression
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Transcription, Protein Synthesis
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Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
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Uracil
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Messenger RNA 9mRNA)
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Transfer RNA (tRNA)
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Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
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Translation
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Ribosomes
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Codons
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Anticodons
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Genetic Code
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Mutations
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Substitution
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Frame-Shift Mutations
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Recombinant DNA Technology
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Genetic Engineering
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Plasmid DNA (Vector DNA)
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Insert DNA
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Transformation (of bacteria)
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Restriction Enzymes
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Sticky Ends
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DNA Fingerprinting
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DNA Electrophoresis
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DNA Extraction
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Genetically Engineered Organisms
(GMO’s)
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Chromosomes,
Meiosis Index
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used.
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Chromosome
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Chromosomes - Sister Chromatids
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Chromosomes - Homologous
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Diploid (cell)
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Haploid (cell)
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Ploidity
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Cell Division
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Mitosis
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Meiosis
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Random Segregation (of
chromosomes)
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Crossing Over
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Gametes / germ cells (egg /
sperm)
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Zygote
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Fertilization
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Genetic Variation /
Variability./ Diversity
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a-sexual reproduction
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