Last Update: Aug 2007 (Links are after the Standards)
Standard 4: Genes are a set of instructions encoded in the DNA sequence of
each organism that specify the sequence of amino acids in proteins
characteristic of that organism. As a basis for understanding this concept:
5a: The general structures and functions of DNA, RNA, and protein.
1d: The central dogma of molecular biology outlines
the flow of information from transcription of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the
nucleus to translation of proteins on ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
4a: The general pathway by which ribosomes synthesize
proteins, using tRNAs to translate genetic information in mRNA.
5b: Apply base-pairing rules to explain precise copying of DNA during
semiconservative replication and transcription of information from DNA into
mRNA.
4b: Apply the genetic coding rules to predict the sequence of amino acids
from a sequence of codons in RNA.
4e: Proteins can differ from one another in the number and sequence of amino
acids.
*4f: Students know why proteins having different amino acid sequences
typically have different shapes and chemical properties.
4c: Students know how mutations in the DNA sequence of a gene may
or may not affect the expression of the gene or the sequence of amino acids
in an encoded protein.
4d: Specialization of cells in multicellular organisms is usually due to
different patterns of gene expression rather than to differences of the
genes themselves.
For the Real-time Videos of Transription and Translation: Click here,
choose "Reading the Code", then "Putting it together", and clock on the
videos on the left hand side. Enjoy!
http://www.dnai.org/a/index.html
*
DNA Replication: Great animation! Simple for context of the chromosome
(Used in class)
http://www.lpscience.fatcow.com/jwanamaker/animations/DNA%20Replication%20-%20long%20.html
ANIMATIONS by NOBEL: Fantastic analogies, short stories and accurate
animations
http://nobelprize.org/medicine/educational/dna/b/replication/index.html
DNA discovery - from "DNA from the Beginning"
http://www.dnaftb.org/dnaftb/19/concept/index.html
*
DNA replication - See DNA polymerase at work, with the replication fork
(Used in class)
http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/dna-rna2.swf
"DNA from the Beginning" - DNA, RNA and Proteins: Animations, Scientists and
more and more....
http://www.dnaftb.org/dnaftb/15/concept/
DNA replication Animation - Also clear and simple (not used in class)
http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~johnson/teaching/genetics/animations/dna_replication.htm
DNA and RNA structures - clear comparison
http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/rna.html
*
Animation of transcription and translation
http://www.lpscience.fatcow.com/jwanamaker/animations/Protein%20Synthesis%20-%20long.html
Transcription animation (hk)
http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~johnson/teaching/genetics/animations/transcription.htm
Translation - Animation
http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~johnson/teaching/genetics/animations/translation.htm
*
Transcription - Animation (Nebraska)
http://www-class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/animation/gene/gene_a2.html
*
Translation (Nebraska)
http://www-class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/animation/m_animations/gene3.swf
Transcription Translation overview (Nebraska)
http://www-class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/animation/m_animations/gene1.swf
Morse Code training - Have fun!
http://www.1728.com/morstest.htm
*
TRANSCRIPTION ANIMATION - Very good! (Used in class)
http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/transcription.swf
Mutation Tutorial - Great! Follow their instrucitons and learn.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/asguru/biology/04genesgenetics/04geneticcode/02mutation/index.shtml
From Wayne's Word: Good Analogies with explanations, simple animations and
quizes. Click on the topics
you have learned: Up to "Table of Codons & Anticodons"
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/lmexer3.htm
Biography of Francis Crick and for James Watson - click on the right panel
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/crick-bio.html
*
Interactive Translation Exercise: Cute anbd easy, but notice that an
important component is missing (was skipped for simplicity)!
http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/transcribe/
*
DNAi: History, Animation and some interactives
http://www.dnai.org/a/index.html
*
Try this! It's an interactive from NOVA, guiding you how to read a DNA
sequence of a gene.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/shockwave.html
NOVA Explore a Stretch of Code: An interactive tutorial about looking up a
real gene sequence in chormosomes 1 - see the power of molecular biology in
studying diseases, evolution, gene regulation!
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/genome/explore.html
Replication: Fast and general, but effective.
http://waynesword.palomar.edu./dnarepl.htm
Animation of Translation - detailed and yet CLEAR!
http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAtranslation.html
Interactive of transcription with initiation and termination
http://www.indiana.edu/~oso/animations/transcription2.html
Interactive of translation with initiation and termination!!!
http://www.indiana.edu/~oso/animations/translation3.html
Protein Synthesis / Gene Expression interactive FROM YOUR BOOK!
http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/bio_07/resources/htmls/animated_biology/unit3/bio_ch08_0257_ab_protein.html
Practice Quiz from YOUR TEXTBOOK - DNA replication
http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/bio_07/quiz.htm?title=Section%20Quiz&ch=3&testId=18219
Practice Quiz from YOUR TEXTBOOK - Gene Expression
http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/bio_07/quiz.htm?title=Section%20Quiz&ch=3&testId=18220
A Quick and helpful animation showing the connection between chrosomeoms to
nucleotides.
http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/publicat/twistedladder/inter1.html
Animations from Tokyo Medical University - including chromosomal mapping,
mutations and more and more.
http://www.tokyo-med.ac.jp/genet/index-e.htm