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Exam 2


 



  • 1) The centromere is a region in which




  • 2) What is a chromatid?




  • 3) What are the phases of the cell cycle in order?



  • 4) The correct sequence of steps in the M phase of the cell cycle is



  • 5) The somatic cells derived from a single-celled zygote divide by
    which process?



  • 6) In some cells, replicated chromosomes are aligned along the center
    (equator) of the cell. These particular cells are in which stage of
    mitosis?



  • 7) The diploid chromosome number for the house fly is 12. The haploid
    number of chromosomes found in their gametes would be ______.




  • 8) During the cell cycle, interphase lasts longer than mitosis.

  • 9) Meiosis is the division of somatic cell.

  • 10) Which part of a cell probably organizes microtubules, including
    those of the spindle?



  • 11) Which of the following statements is NOT correct?



  • 12) In which organ will meiosis occur for the human female?



  • 13) In animals, ______ occurs during the production of the egg and the
    sperm.



  • 14) Which of the following cells represents a way to discard
    unnecessary chromosomes while retaining much of the cytoplasm in
    the egg?



  • 15) A capital letter indicates a/an ______ allele.



  • 16) A recessive allele is expressed if there is no dominant allele
    present.

  • 17) ______ means that the two members of the allelic pair in the zygote
    are the same.



  • 18) ______ means that the members of the allelic pair are different.



  • 19) The physical characteristics of the individual is called the
    phenotype.

  • 20) It is possible to tell if an individual with a dominant phenotype
    is homozygous or heterozygous by inspection.

  • 21) If a child has a characteristic that neither parent has, the
    characteristic ____________.



  • 22) Carriers have a normal phenotype but are capable of having a child
    with a genetic disorder.

  • 23) If a child has a dominant characteristic, neither parent has to
    have the characteristic.

  • 24) A male inherits the color-blind allele from _________.


  • 25) Biologists conclude that all behavioral traits are partly
    inheritable and that genes exert their effects by acting together
    in complex combinations susceptible to________



  • 26) Which of the following molecules will diffuse out of the cell,
    enter the bloodstream, and be released from the lungs during
    aerobic cellular respiration?




  • 27) Which pathway for aerobic cellular respiration is located in the
    cytoplasm of the cell?



  • 28) Which coenzyme is used in cellular respiration?


  • 29) Which of the following statements is NOT correct about glycolysis?


  • 30) Pyruvate is the end product of the ______ reactions.



  • 31) Which of the following series of enzymatic reactions begins and
    ends with citrate?



  • 32) How many times does the citric acid cycle turn per glucose
    molecule?



  • 33) Based on chemiosmosis, hydrogen ions accumulate in the ______ of
    the mitochondrion to create a large electrochemical gradient for
    aerobic cellular respiration.



  • 34) Which of the following overall equations represents aerobic
    cellular respiration?



  • 35) Which of the following pathways and reactions will result in the
    production of the most ATP molecules during aerobic cellular
    respiration of one glucose molecule?




  • 36) ______ is a series of enzymatic reactions by which glucose is
    incompletely metabolized to lactate or carbon dioxide and alcohol.



  • 37) . A total of _____ ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule
    in cellular respiration.



  • 38) The strands in DNA twist about one another forming a __________.


  • 39) Several ribosomes are called a ______.



  • 40) Transcription �reads� a DNA molecule and produces a complementary
    mRNA.

  • 41) Cloning is accomplished by transferring DNA to a denucleated egg.

  • 42) Biotechnology revolves around the needs and desires of:


  • 43) Hershey-Chase discovered the shape of DNA was the double helix.

  • 44) Transgenic organisms are organisms __________.


  • 45) What enzyme is responsible for �unzipping� DNA?


  • 46) How many amino acids can be produced?



  • 47) More than one codon can be used to produce an amino acid.

  • 48) Which one of Mendel�s laws dealt with the comparison of two
    different genetic traits?
    Answer:
  • 49) What type of plant did Mendel first experiment with to prove his
    theory?
    Answer:
  • 50) Explain what occurs during the Krebs (citric acid) cycle and
    electron transport by describing the following:
    a. The location of the Krebs cycle and electron
    transport chain in the
    mitochondria.
    b. The cyclic nature of the reactions in the Krebs cycle.
    c. The production of ATP and reduced coenzymes during
    the cycle.
    d. The chemiosmotic production of ATP during electron
    transport.
  • 51) Describe in detail the process of mitosis as it occurs in an
    organism with a diploid chromosome number of 4 (2n = 4). Include
    labeled diagrams in your discussion. Indicate when and how each
    occurs in mitosis.
  • 52) Compare and contrast the processes of mitosis and meiosis. Explain
    how they are similar and how they differ. Use diagrams if
    necessary.

   


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