From: <Saved by Windows Internet Explorer 7>
Subject: NCPS - Bullying in Canada
Date: Tue, 7 Oct 2008 08:57:28 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/related;
	type="text/html";
	boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0000_01C9285A.B97FADD0"
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.5512

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C9285A.B97FADD0
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Location: http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullying/index.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML lang=3Den><HEAD><TITLE>NCPS - Bullying in Canada</TITLE><!-- =
#BeginEditable "doctitle" -->
<META content=3D"National Crime Prevention Strategy - Bullying in =
Canada"=20
name=3DDC.Title>
<META content=3D"NCPS - Bullying in Canada" name=3DTitle>
<META content=3D"Government of Canada, National Crime Prevention =
Strategy"=20
name=3DDC.Creator>
<META scheme=3Dgccore=20
content=3D"Crime; Prevention; Crime Prevention; Police Services" =
name=3DDC.Subject>
<META content=3D.. name=3DDC.Subject.Topic>
<META content=3D2002-09-20 name=3DDC.Date.Created>
<META content=3D2002-09-20 name=3DDC.Date.Modified>
<META content=3D2003-09-20 name=3DDC.Date.Valid>
<META scheme=3DISO639-2 content=3Deng name=3DDC.Language>
<META content=3D"National Crime Prevention Strategy" =
name=3DDC.Contributor>
<META content=3D"National Crime Prevention Strategy" name=3DDC.Source>
<META=20
content=3D"The National Crime Prevention Strategy helps communities =
develop programs and partnerships that will increase public awareness =
and help prevent crime in the first place."=20
name=3DDC.Description>
<META=20
content=3D"The National Crime Prevention Strategy helps communities =
develop programs and partnerships that will increase public awareness =
and help prevent crime in the first place."=20
name=3DDescription>
<META=20
content=3D"ncpc, ncps, crime, prevention, safety, safer communities, =
victims, violence, community, police services, canada, canadian"=20
name=3DKeywords><!-- #EndEditable -->
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Diso-8859-1"><LINK=20
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/css/ns.css" type=3Dtext/css =
rel=3Dstylesheet>
<SCRIPT language=3DJAVASCRIPT type=3Dtext/javascript><!--

// convert date function

function convert_date(date_to_convert)
{
  var new_year;
  var new_month;
  var new_day;
 =20
//  new_year =3D date_to_convert.getFullYear();
  new_year=3Ddate_to_convert.getYear()
  if (new_year < 2000) {new_year=3Dnew_year+1900}

  new_month =3D date_to_convert.getMonth();
  new_day =3D date_to_convert.getDate();
  var tmp_var  =20

  new_month++;

  tmp_var =3D "" + new_month

  if (tmp_var.length=3D=3D1)
  {
    new_month =3D "0" + new_month
  }


  tmp_var =3D "" + new_day
  if (tmp_var.length=3D=3D1)
  {
    new_day =3D "0" + new_day
  }


  convert_date =3D new_year + "-" + new_month + "-" + new_day
  return convert_date;

}

function replace(str,txt,by)
{
    var strLength =3D str.length;
    var txtLength =3D txt.length;
    if ((strLength =3D=3D 0) || (txtLength =3D=3D 0)) return str;

    var i =3D str.indexOf(txt);
    if ((!i) && (txt !=3D str.substring(0,txtLength))) return str;
    if (i =3D=3D -1) return str;

    var newstr =3D str.substring(0,i) + by;

    if (i+txtLength < strLength)
        newstr +=3D =
replace(str.substring(i+txtLength,strLength),txt,by);

    return newstr;
}

// -->
</SCRIPT>

<SCRIPT language=3DJavaScript type=3Dtext/javascript>
<!--
function MM_preloadImages() { //v3.0
  var d=3Ddocument; if(d.images){ if(!d.MM_p) d.MM_p=3Dnew Array();
    var i,j=3Dd.MM_p.length,a=3DMM_preloadImages.arguments; for(i=3D0; =
i<a.length; i++)
    if (a[i].indexOf("#")!=3D0){ d.MM_p[j]=3Dnew Image; =
d.MM_p[j++].src=3Da[i];}}
}

function MM_swapImgRestore() { //v3.0
  var i,x,a=3Ddocument.MM_sr; =
for(i=3D0;a&&i<a.length&&(x=3Da[i])&&x.oSrc;i++) x.src=3Dx.oSrc;
}

function MM_findObj(n, d) { //v4.0
  var p,i,x;  if(!d) d=3Ddocument; =
if((p=3Dn.indexOf("?"))>0&&parent.frames.length) {
    d=3Dparent.frames[n.substring(p+1)].document; n=3Dn.substring(0,p);}
  if(!(x=3Dd[n])&&d.all) x=3Dd.all[n]; for =
(i=3D0;!x&&i<d.forms.length;i++) x=3Dd.forms[i][n];
  for(i=3D0;!x&&d.layers&&i<d.layers.length;i++) =
x=3DMM_findObj(n,d.layers[i].document);
  if(!x && document.getElementById) x=3Ddocument.getElementById(n); =
return x;
}

function MM_swapImage() { //v3.0
  var i,j=3D0,x,a=3DMM_swapImage.arguments; document.MM_sr=3Dnew Array; =
for(i=3D0;i<(a.length-2);i+=3D3)
   if ((x=3DMM_findObj(a[i]))!=3Dnull){document.MM_sr[j++]=3Dx; =
if(!x.oSrc) x.oSrc=3Dx.src; x.src=3Da[i+2];}
}
//-->
</SCRIPT>

<SCRIPT language=3DJavaScript type=3Dtext/javascript>
<!--
<!-- check for browser -->
var agt =3D navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase();
var is_netscape  =3D ((agt.indexOf('mozilla')!=3D-1) && =
(agt.indexOf('spoofer')=3D=3D-1)
	&& (agt.indexOf('compatible') =3D=3D -1) && =
(agt.indexOf('opera')=3D=3D-1)
	&& (agt.indexOf('webtv')=3D=3D-1));
if (!is_netscape) {
  document.write('<'+'link rel=3D"stylesheet" type=3D"text/css" =
href=3D"/css/ie.css">');
  		  }
//-->
</SCRIPT>

<SCRIPT language=3DJavaScript type=3Dtext/javascript>

<!--
function DisplaySession()
{
  alert("You are now leaving the National Crime Prevention Strategy web =
site. Please be advised that the legislation and policy governing =
Government of Canada Web sites, including official language requirements =
do not apply beyond this point.");
}
//-->

</SCRIPT>
<!-- #BeginEditable "pagescript" --><!-- for page specific script =
--><!-- #EndEditable -->
<SCRIPT language=3DJavaScript type=3Dtext/javascript>
<!--
<!--#config timefmt=3D"%m-%d-%Y"-->
  var modified_date =3D "<!--#echo var=3D"LAST_MODIFIED" -->";
  modified_date =3D replace(modified_date,'-','/');
  modified_date =3D new Date(modified_date);
  modified_date =3D convert_date(modified_date);

//-->
</SCRIPT>

<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.6000.16640" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff=20
onload=3D"MM_preloadImages('/images/mn05on_e.jpg','/images/mn07on_e.jpg',=
'/images/mn09on_e.jpg','/images/mn11on_e.jpg','/images/mn13on_e.jpg','/im=
ages/mn15on_e.jpg')">
<TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D600 border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD align=3Dright width=3D156><IMG height=3D26 alt=3D"Canada Flag"=20
      src=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/fipflag.gif" =
width=3D40></TD><!--    <td width=3D"18"><img src=3D"/images/18px.gif" =
alt=3D"" width=3D"18" height=3D"14"></td> -->
    <TD width=3D276><IMG height=3D8 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/18px.gif" width=3D18 =
border=3D0><IMG=20
      height=3D23 alt=3D"Public Safety Canada / S=E9curit=E9 publique =
Canada"=20
      src=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/fip_e.gif" width=3D258></TD>
    <TD align=3Dright width=3D230><IMG height=3D26=20
      alt=3D"Symbol of the Government of Canada"=20
      src=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/canada.gif" =
width=3D83></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright width=3D132></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D18><IMG height=3D6 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/18px.gif" width=3D18></TD>
    <TD></TD>
    <TD></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><LINK =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/css/1_ie.css"=20
type=3Dtext/css rel=3Dstylesheet>
<SCRIPT language=3DJavaScript type=3Dtext/javascript>
<!--
function js_changeit(){
  =20
	langToggle =3D new String(document.URL); // grab the current page

	if (langToggle.match("/en/") =3D=3D "/en/")=20
	  {
	    langToggle =3D langToggle.replace("/en/","/fr/");  // replace en =
with fr
		window.open (langToggle, "_self");
	  }
	else
	  {
	    langToggle =3D langToggle.replace("/fr/","/en/");  // replace fr =
with en
		window.open (langToggle, "_self");
	  }=20

}
//-->
</SCRIPT>

<TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D600 border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dright width=3D132><A accessKey=3DM=20
      =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#menu"><IMG=20
      height=3D4 alt=3D"Common menu bar"=20
      src=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/132px.gif" width=3D132=20
      border=3D0></A><BR><A accessKey=3D1=20
      =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#snav"><IMG=20
      height=3D4 alt=3D"Skip top menus"=20
      src=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/132px.gif" width=3D132=20
      border=3D0></A><BR><A accessKey=3D2=20
      =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#content"><IMG=20
      height=3D4 alt=3D"Skip all menus"=20
      src=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/132px.gif" width=3D132 =
border=3D0></A></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D18><A class=3Dhide name=3Dmenu></A><IMG =
height=3D8 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/18px.gif" width=3D18 =
border=3D0> </TD>
    <TD width=3D450>
      <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D1 width=3D"100%" =
bgColor=3D#000000=20
        border=3D0><TBODY>
        <TR bgColor=3D#000000>
          <TD class=3Dtoolbar noWrap height=3D14><A class=3Dtopmenu=20
            onclick=3D"js_changeit(); return false;"=20
            href=3D"javascript:void(0);">Fran=E7ais</A></TD>
          <TD class=3Dtoolbar noWrap height=3D14><A class=3Dtopmenu=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.psepc-sppcc.gc.ca/abt/contact-en.asp">Contact=20
          Us</A></TD>
          <TD class=3Dtoolbar noWrap height=3D14><A class=3Dtopmenu=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.psepc-sppcc.gc.ca/aid/index-en.asp">Help</A></TD>
          <TD class=3Dtoolbar noWrap height=3D14><A class=3Dtopmenu=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.psepc-sppcc.gc.ca/serv/srch/search-en.asp">Search</A><=
/TD>
          <TD class=3Dtoolbar noWrap height=3D14><A class=3Dtopmenu=20
            href=3D"http://www.canada.gc.ca/main_e.html">Canada =
Site</A></TD></TR>
        <TR bgColor=3D#7e7e7e>
          <TD class=3Dtoolbar noWrap height=3D14><A class=3Dtopmenu=20
            href=3D"http://www.psepc-sppcc.gc.ca/abt/index-en.asp">About =
Us</A></TD>
          <TD class=3Dtoolbar noWrap height=3D14><A class=3Dtopmenu=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.psepc-sppcc.gc.ca/pol/index-en.asp">Policy</A></TD>
          <TD class=3Dtoolbar noWrap height=3D14><A class=3Dtopmenu=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.psepc-sppcc.gc.ca/res/index-en.asp">Research</A></TD>
          <TD class=3Dtoolbar noWrap height=3D14><A class=3Dtopmenu=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.psepc-sppcc.gc.ca/prg/index-en.asp">Programs</A></TD>
          <TD class=3Dtoolbar noWrap height=3D14><A class=3Dtopmenu=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.psepc-sppcc.gc.ca/media/index-en.asp">Newsroom</A></TD=
></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D600 border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dbottom width=3D132><!-- #BeginEditable "sidetop" =
--><!-- #EndEditable --></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D18></TD>
    <TD class=3Dtext width=3D450>
      <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD><!-- #exec cgi=3D"/includes/nav_path.asp" =
--></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D132><!-- #BeginEditable "sidemenu" =
-->&nbsp;&nbsp; <!-- #EndEditable --></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D18><!-- #BeginEditable "space" --><A =
class=3Dhide=20
      name=3Dcnav></A><IMG height=3D14 alt=3D""=20
      src=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/18px.gif" width=3D18><BR><!-- =
#EndEditable --></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop><A class=3Dhide name=3Dcontent></A><!-- =
#BeginEditable "banner" -->
      <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD>
            <TABLE width=3D454 border=3D0>
              <TBODY>
              <TR>
                <TD><IMG height=3D106=20
                  alt=3D"Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness =
Canada"=20
                  src=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/banner_en.jpg"=20
              width=3D454></TD></TR>
              <TR>
                <TD>
                  <DIV class=3DBLOCK_bleu align=3Dleft><STRONG>You have =
accessed an=20
                  archived page</STRONG> on the Public Safety Canada =
website.=20
                  This material may be outdated. Please consult our <A=20
                  =
href=3D"http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/serv/redirect/cp_redirect-en.asp">n=
ew=20
                  site</A> for up-to-date information.</DIV></TD></TR>
              <TR>
                <TD>
                  <P></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD><IMG height=3D19 alt=3D"Virtual Library"=20
            src=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/hdg2library_e.jpg"=20
        width=3D450></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!-- #EndEditable --><!-- =
#BeginEditable "content" -->
      <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D450 border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD>
            <H2 align=3Dcenter><BR>Bullying in Canada</H2>
            <P align=3Dcenter><I><B>National Strategy on Community =
Safety and=20
            Crime Prevention</B></I></P>
            <UL>
              <LI><A=20
              =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#1">What=20
              is Bullying? </A>
              <LI><A=20
              =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#2">How=20
              Widespread Is Bullying? </A>
              <LI><A=20
              =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#3">Who=20
              are the Bullies?</A>=20
              <LI><A=20
              =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#4">Who=20
              are the Victims? </A>
              <LI><A=20
              =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#5">What=20
              Role Do Peers Play? </A>
              <LI><A=20
              =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#6">What=20
              Role Does the Family Play? </A>
              <LI><A=20
              =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#7">What=20
              Role Does the School Play? </A>
              <LI><A=20
              =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#8">What=20
              Role Does Broader Society Play?</A>=20
              <LI><A=20
              =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#9">What=20
              Can We Do To Reduce Bullying?</A>=20
              <LI><A=20
              =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#10">Conclusion=20
              </A>
              <LI><A=20
              =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#11">References</A>=20
              </LI></UL>
            <HR>

            <P>Canadians are concerned with the level of violence in =
today's=20
            society, the safety of their communities, and the welfare of =
their=20
            children. As we know, too many children are victims of =
violence and=20
            aggression in the schoolyard, the playground and elsewhere. =
Some=20
            studies indicate that violent behaviour of young people is=20
            increasing, that the violence is directed at other young =
people, and=20
            that the violence is committed by younger people than was =
the case=20
            in the past. To prevent youth violence and reduce the rate =
of=20
            violent crime, research indicates that focusing on the early =
signs=20
            of antisocial behaviour is effective. Bullying is one =
phenomenon=20
            that contributes to the development of such behaviour =
patterns.</P>
            <P>Bullying is a serious problem for those who engage in it, =
for its=20
            victims, and for the communities in which it takes place. It =
is not=20
            a normal part of growing up. It can make children feel =
frightened,=20
            sick, lonely and unhappy. Unfortunately, these childhood =
bullies are=20
            also more likely to develop anti-social behaviours =
(Farrington,=20
            1993). Studies indicate that 30% to 40% of children with =
aggression=20
            problems grow up to have problems with violence as adults =
(Public=20
            Legal Education and Information Service of New =
Brunswick).</P>
            <P>Bullying changes its form with age: </P>
            <UL>
              <LI>Younger children's playground bullying often involves =
pushing,=20
              shoving, name calling teasing and isolation; <BR>&nbsp;=20
              <LI>Teenage bullying may begin to include sexual =
harassment, gang=20
              attacks, dating violence; and <BR>&nbsp;=20
              <LI>Adult bullying may become assaults, marital violence, =
child=20
              abuse, workplace harassment, and senior abuse (Public =
Legal=20
              Education and Information Service of New Brunswick). =
</LI></UL>
            <P>For victims, repeated bullying can cause psychological =
distress=20
            and many related difficulties (Besag, 1989; Olweus, 1993). =
The=20
            impact of bullying extends beyond the bully and victim to =
the peer=20
            group, school, and community as a whole. It is important to =
stop=20
            bullying at a young age and strive to create a safe and =
peaceful=20
            environment for everyone. </P>
            <P>With an understanding of factors related to bullying, we =
can=20
            design prevention and intervention efforts that decrease =
bullying=20
            and increase the likelihood that teachers, parents and other =

            children will intervene when it does occur. </P>
            <P></P>
            <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D4 width=3D"90%" =
align=3Dcenter=20
            bgColor=3D#ffcc33 border=3D1>
              <TBODY>
              <TR>
                <TD>
                  <P>The Government of Canada's National Strategy on =
Community=20
                  Safety and Crime Prevention was launched in 1998 to =
help=20
                  Canadians deal with the difficult problems of crime =
and=20
                  victimization. The National Strategy is built on the =
common=20
                  sense principle that the surest way to reduce crime is =
to=20
                  focus on the factors that put individuals at =
risk-factors such=20
                  as family violence, school problems, and drug abuse -=20
                  preventing crime before it starts. By providing tools, =

                  knowledge, and support, communities are able to =
address their=20
                  unique issues of crime and victimization. In its work =
with=20
                  communities, the National Strategy has placed a =
particular=20
                  emphasis on children, youth, women, and Aboriginal =
people.=20
                </P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
            <P>The National Strategy endeavours to intervene early in =
the lives=20
            of our young people, addressing issues of antisocial =
behaviour=20
            before they become more serious problems. Building =
resiliency and=20
            healthy environments for children and youth today will reap =
benefits=20
            far into the future. The Strategy supports communities and =
schools -=20
            working with students, parents, educators, and =
practitioners, and=20
            others in developing, and sharing, grass-roots initiatives =
to combat=20
            bullying.</P>
            <P></P>
            <H3><A name=3D1></A>What is Bullying?</H3>
            <P>Bullying is the assertion of power through aggression. =
Bullies=20
            acquire power over their victims physically, emotionally and =

            socially. This can be done in many ways: by physical size =
and=20
            strength, by status within the peer group, by knowing the =
victim's=20
            weaknesses or by recruiting support from other children, as =
in group=20
            bullying. Emotional and social bullying may perhaps be the =
most=20
            frequent and harmful forms. Bullying can be physical or =
verbal. It=20
            can be direct (face-to-face) or indirect (gossip or =
exclusion)=20
            (Olweus, 1991). With repeated bullying, the bully's =
dominance over=20
            the victim is established and the victim becomes =
increasingly=20
            distressed and fearful.</P>
            <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
            =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#"=20
            target=3D_top><IMG height=3D25 alt=3D"Top of Page"=20
            src=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/uparrow_e.gif" =
width=3D75=20
            border=3D0></A></P>
            <HR>

            <P></P>
            <H3><A name=3D2></A>How Widespread Is Bullying?</H3>
            <P>A 1997 survey of Canadians revealed that 6% of children =
admitted=20
            bullying others "more than once or twice" over a six-week =
span and=20
            15% of children reported that they had been victimized at =
the same=20
            rate (Pepler, et al.). Researchers' observations of children =
on=20
            playgrounds and in classrooms confirm that bullying occurs=20
            frequently: once every 7 minutes on the playground and once =
every 25=20
            minutes in class (Craig and Pepler, 1997). To understand the =
problem=20
            of bullying, we must consider the characteristics of =
everyone=20
            involved in the bullying scenario: the bully, the victim and =
the=20
            bystander. We must also examine the social contexts in which =

            bullying occurs, such as the family, peer group, school, and =

            community.</P>
            <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
            =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#"=20
            target=3D_top><IMG height=3D25 alt=3D"Top of Page"=20
            src=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/uparrow_e.gif" =
width=3D75=20
            border=3D0></A></P>
            <HR>

            <P></P>
            <H3><A name=3D3></A>Who are the Bullies? </H3>
            <P>Children bully in many different ways-there is not a =
single type=20
            of bully. The following characteristics have been identified =

            primarily through research on boys who bully.</P>
            <UL>
              <LI>Gender: Both boys and girls are involved in bullying =
as either=20
              bullies, victims or bystanders at approximately the same =
rate,=20
              although each gender expresses bullying in different ways. =
More=20
              boys report their bullying than girls; boys report more =
physical=20
              forms of bullying, while girls report indirect forms of =
bullying,=20
              such as gossiping and excluding (Craig and Pepler, =
1997)<BR>&nbsp;=20

              <LI>Age: Ages 4-10, aggression is mainly confined to =
same-sex=20
              peers, whereas ages 11-18 expand their aggression to =
involve=20
              opposite-sex peers as well. In addition, 11 to 12-year-old =

              students reported bullying others more than did younger or =
older=20
              student groups (Pepler, et al.).<BR>&nbsp;=20
              <LI>Temperament: Bullies tend to be hyperactive, =
disruptive, and=20
              impulsive (Lowenstein, 1978; Olweus, 1987).<BR>&nbsp;=20
              <LI>Aggression: Bullies are generally aggressive toward =
their=20
              peers, teachers, parents, and siblings, and others =
(Olweus, 1991).=20
              Bullies tend to be assertive and easily provoked. They are =

              attracted to situations with aggressive content and have =
positive=20
              attitudes about aggression (Stephenson and Smith, =
1989).<BR>&nbsp;=20

              <LI>Physical Strength: Boys who bully are physically =
stronger and=20
              have a need to dominate others (Olweus, 1987).<BR>&nbsp;=20
              <LI>Lack of Empathy: Bullies have little empathy for their =
victims=20
              and show little or no remorse for bullying (Olweus, 1987). =

</LI></UL>
            <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
            =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#"=20
            target=3D_top><IMG height=3D25 alt=3D"Top of Page"=20
            src=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/uparrow_e.gif" =
width=3D75=20
            border=3D0></A></P>
            <HR>

            <H3><A name=3D4></A>Who are the Victims?</H3>
            <P>Children become victimized for many different reasons - =
there is=20
            not a single victim type. For some children, the following=20
            characteristics are present before bullying occurs; for =
others, they=20
            develop as a result of bullying.</P>
            <P>Gender: Boys and girls are equally likely to report being =

            victimized (Charach et al., 1995; Pepler et al., 1977).</P>
            <P>Age: Victimization decreases across grade levels: 26% of =
children=20
            in Grades 1-3 report victimization compared to 15% in Grades =
4-6 and=20
            12% in Grades 7-8 (Pepler et al.). Children in lower grades =
are more=20
            likely to be victims of older bullies, whereas children in =
higher=20
            grades are more likely to be victims of same-age bullies. =
Younger=20
            students experience more direct bullying, whereas older =
students=20
            experience more indirect bullying (Olweus, 1993).</P>
            <P>Temperament: Victimized children have a tendency to be =
anxious=20
            and withdrawn. There is more evidence of this among =
preschool=20
            children than among school-aged children.</P>
            <P>Physical Appearance: Research has not supported the =
popular=20
            stereotype that victims have unusual physical traits =
(Olweus,=20
            1991).</P>
            <P>Self-Esteem: Victims often report low self-esteem, likely =
because=20
            of repeated exposure to victimization (Besag, 1989).</P>
            <P>Depression: Both boys and girls who are victimized report =

            symptoms of depression, such as sadness, and loss of =
interest in=20
            activities (Slee, 1995; Craig, 1997).</P>
            <P>Anxiety: Boys and girls who are victims report symptoms =
of=20
            anxiety, such as tension, fears and worries (Neary and =
Joseph, 1994;=20
            Slee, 1995). </P>
            <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
            =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#"=20
            target=3D_top><IMG height=3D25 alt=3D"Top of Page"=20
            src=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/uparrow_e.gif" =
width=3D75=20
            border=3D0></A></P>
            <HR>

            <H3><A name=3D5></A>What Role Do Peers Play?</H3>
            <P>Bullying usually involves more than the bully and =
victim-85% of=20
            bullying episodes occur in the context of a peer group =
(Atlas and=20
            Pepler, 1997; Craig and Pepler, 1997). Although 83% of =
students=20
            indicate that watching bullying makes them feel =
uncomfortable=20
            (Pepler et al., 1997), observations indicate that peers =
assume many=20
            roles in the bullying episode: joining in, cheering, =
passively=20
            watching and occasionally intervening.</P>
            <UL>
              <LI>Peers tend to give positive attention to the bully, =
rather=20
              than the victim. Their reinforcement of the bully may =
serve to=20
              maintain the bully's power over the victim and within the =
peer=20
              group. The bully may also affect the peers who are=20
              watching.<BR>&nbsp;=20
              <LI>Peers who watch bullying may become excited and more =
likely to=20
              join in.<BR>&nbsp;=20
              <LI>Compared to girls, boys are more likely to be actively =
drawn=20
              into bullying episodes (Craig and Pepler, 1997; Salmivalli =
et al.,=20
              1996).<BR>&nbsp;=20
              <LI>In playground observations, peers intervened in =
significantly=20
              more episodes than did adults: 11% of episodes versus 4% =
(Craig=20
              and Pepler, 1997). <BR></LI></UL>
            <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
            =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#"=20
            target=3D_top><IMG height=3D25 alt=3D"Top of Page"=20
            src=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/uparrow_e.gif" =
width=3D75=20
            border=3D0></A></P>
            <HR>

            <H3><A name=3D6></A>What Role Does the Family Play?</H3>
            <P>Children's behaviour patterns are first established at =
home. It=20
            is important that parents create a home environment that =
discourages=20
            bullying behaviour and supports children who are =
victimized.</P>
            <UL>
              <LI>Bullies often come from homes that are neglectful, =
hostile and=20
              that use harsh punishment (Olweus, 1993). Bullying may be =
learned=20
              by observing conflict between parents. Care needs to be =
taken by=20
              parents so that they do not model bullying for their=20
              children.<BR>&nbsp;=20
              <LI>Fighting amongst siblings to solve problems can =
inadvertently=20
              support bullying when it is accepted as a normal part of =
growing=20
              up.<BR>&nbsp;=20
              <LI>Victims often keep their problems a secret because =
they feel=20
              that they should handle bullying themselves. Often they =
worry=20
              about the bully's revenge or other children's disapproval, =
and/or=20
              they think adults can do little to help them (Garfalo et =
al.,=20
              1987; Olweus, 1991).<BR>&nbsp;=20
              <LI>When they are courageous enough to tell, victims talk =
more=20
              often to parents than to teachers. As their children's =
most=20
              important advocates, parents must support their victimized =

              children by working with the school to ensure their =
children's=20
              safety. </LI></UL>
            <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
            =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#"=20
            target=3D_top><IMG height=3D25 alt=3D"Top of Page"=20
            src=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/uparrow_e.gif" =
width=3D75=20
            border=3D0></A></P>
            <HR>

            <H3><A name=3D7></A>What Role Does the School Play?</H3>
            <P>Schools play an important role in shaping children's =
development.=20
            As with families, schools must strike a balance between =
clear,=20
            consistent discipline and warm, supportive =
relationships.</P>
            <UL>
              <LI><B>Principals:</B> Principals set the tone for their =
schools.=20
              Bullying is reduced if the principal is committed to =
addressing=20
              bullying (Charach et al., 1995). Strategies used by =
principals=20
              include: consistent and formative consequences for =
bullies; an=20
              open-door policy for victims, with empathetic responses to =
their=20
              concerns; and working together with teachers on classroom=20
              management, and strategies for troubled =
children.<BR>&nbsp;=20
              <LI><B>Student-Staff Relations:</B> Bullying is less =
prevalent in=20
              schools where there are supportive relations among school =
staff,=20
              warm relations between staff and students, shared =
decision-making=20
              among staff and students, and where the adults do not =
model=20
              bullying for the students (Olweus, 1987).<BR>&nbsp;=20
              <LI><B>School Policy:</B> They key to reducing bullying in =
schools=20
              is a clear policy regarding bullying with consistently =
applied=20
              consequences (Olweus, 1991).<BR>&nbsp;=20
              <LI><B>School Organization:</B> Schools which emphasize =
academic=20
              success without respecting children's individual strengths =
and=20
              weaknesses tend to have more bullying (Tattum, =
1982).<BR>&nbsp;=20
              <LI><B>Playground Supervision:</B> Students report that =
the=20
              majority of bullying occurs on the playground (Olweus, =
1991;=20
              Pepler et al., 1997). Bullying occurs where there is =
little=20
              supervision or when large groups of children engage in=20
              rough-and-tumble play or competitive sports (Murphy et =
al., 1983).=20
              </LI></UL>
            <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
            =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#"=20
            target=3D_top><IMG height=3D25 alt=3D"Top of Page"=20
            src=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/uparrow_e.gif" =
width=3D75=20
            border=3D0></A></P>
            <HR>

            <H3><A name=3D8></A>What Role Does Broader Society =
Play?</H3>
            <P>Bullying problems may reflect Canada's cultural tolerance =
of=20
            aggression. Much of this tolerance is created through the =
popular=20
            media, including television, movies, music and video games. =
The=20
            consistent message presented by these media is that =
aggression is an=20
            effective solution to social problems. Aggressive children =
are more=20
            likely than non-aggressive children to be drawn to and =
imitate media=20
            violence (Huesmann et al., 1984).</P>
            <P>Because Canada is culturally diverse, children may be =
bullied due=20
            to their race or ethnicity. Within schools, anti-racism and=20
            anti-sexism initiatives are often considered together with=20
            anti-bullying programs to promote positive social =
behaviour.</P>
            <P>As children enter adolescence, bullying declines somewhat =
and=20
            sexual harassment, both between boys and girls and within=20
            same-gender groups, increases. Unwanted sexual harassment, =
including=20
            comments, looks, gestures, and name-calling, is reported by =
48% of=20
            12-year-old children (McMaster et al., 1997). Although equal =
numbers=20
            of boys and girls report experiencing this form of bullying, =
more=20
            boys than girls acknowledge that they have sexually harassed =
other=20
            students.</P>
            <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
            =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#"=20
            target=3D_top><IMG height=3D25 alt=3D"Top of Page"=20
            src=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/uparrow_e.gif" =
width=3D75=20
            border=3D0></A></P>
            <HR>

            <P></P>
            <H3><A name=3D9></A>What Can We Do To Reduce Bullying?</H3>
            <P>To be effective, bullying interventions must focus beyond =
the=20
            aggressive child and the victim to include peers, school =
staff,=20
            parents and the broader community. Although there are =
substantial=20
            differences among schools, comprehensive anti-bullying =
initiatives=20
            can help reduce occurrences of bullying (Olweus, 1991; =
Pepler et=20
            al., 1996). The central feature of the intervention must be =
a=20
            clearly stated code of behaviour, such as respect for one =
another,=20
            and enforced by consistent and supportive follow-through. It =
takes=20
            considerable time to bring about both attitudinal and =
behavioural=20
            changes among the staff, students, and parents in the school =

            community. The following sections provide a brief overview =
of=20
            components of an anti-bullying program.</P>
            <UL>
              <LI><B>School Staff:</B> Motivation and support from the =
school=20
              staff are essential. All school staff should be included =
in=20
              educational sessions. Staff, together with parent and =
student=20
              representatives, should be responsible for updating the =
code of=20
              behaviour and its consequences. Teachers' attitudes are =
reflected=20
              in their behaviour. When adults recognize the problem of =
bullying=20
              and their central role in reducing it, they supervise =
actively and=20
              intervene to stop bullying.<BR>&nbsp;=20
              <LI><B>Parents:</B> Parent meetings and newsletters should =
inform=20
              parents about the problems of bullying. Parents should =
talk to=20
              their children about bullying and be aware of signs of =
potential=20
              victimization. Communication between parents and the =
school is=20
              essential, as parents are often the first to know that =
their=20
              children are being victimized.<BR>&nbsp;=20
              <LI><B>Peers:</B> Peers play a critical role in bullying.=20
              Interventions must aim to change attitudes, behaviours and =
norms=20
              around bullying for all children in a school. Under =
teachers'=20
              guidance, students can recognize the problem of bullying =
and their=20
              potential contributions. With teachers' support, they can =
develop=20
              strategies for intervening themselves, or seeking adult =
assistance=20
              to stop bullying. Promoting attitudes in the peer group =
which=20
              support empathy for the victim and condemn aggression will =
reduce=20
              bullying.<BR>&nbsp;=20
              <LI><B>Bullies and Victims:</B> Children involved as =
bullies or=20
              victims require individual attention. Talks with bullies =
should=20
              emphasize that bullying is not acceptable and point out =
the=20
              consequences established in the code of behaviour. If a =
group of=20
              children is involved in bullying, the bully and bystanders =
are=20
              made to understand their role and responsibility. Talks =
with=20
              victims encourage them to speak up and confirm the =
school's=20
              intention to ensure that they are protected from further=20
              harassment. Talks with parents inform them of their =
children's=20
              difficulties and enlist their cooperation in disciplining =
bullying=20
              behaviour and/or monitoring for further occurrences of =
bullying or=20
              victimization. </LI></UL>
            <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
            =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#"=20
            target=3D_top><IMG height=3D25 alt=3D"Top of Page"=20
            src=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/uparrow_e.gif" =
width=3D75=20
            border=3D0></A></P>
            <HR>

            <P></P>
            <H3><A name=3D10></A>Conclusion</H3>
            <P>This review is not a comprehensive description of all =
factors=20
            related to bullying and victimization, but it does attempt =
to=20
            capture those most frequently addressed in the literature. =
Children=20
            involved in bullying, whether as bullies or victims, may =
have=20
            negative attitudes, poor social skills and emotional =
difficulties=20
            which begin at home. These problems are transferred to the =
school=20
            and peer contexts, where they may be reinforced. The =
development of=20
            antisocial behaviour problems depends on the interaction of=20
            individual characteristics and exposure to risk factors at =
critical=20
            developmental periods. </P>
            <P>The National Strategy on Community Safety and Crime =
Prevention=20
            supports community initiatives that strive to create better=20
            opportunities for children. High-quality and consistent =
nurturing,=20
            combined with a secure, physically and emotionally safe =
environment=20
            through childhood will improve each child's prospects of =
success in=20
            life and make it less likely that they will later be =
victimized or=20
            become offenders. Programs that teach children resilience, =
empathy=20
            and social skills can help protect children from negative=20
            experiences.</P>
            <P>Interventions for the issue of bullying should extend to =
all=20
            those involved: bullies, victims, peers, school staff, =
parents, and=20
            the broader community. We all have a role to play in =
declaring=20
            bullying is not a rite of passage for Canadian children.</P>
            <P>This fact sheet was developed by the National Strategy on =

            Community Safety and Crime Prevention in cooperation with =
Debra J.=20
            Pepler of the LaMarsh Centre for Research on Violence and =
Conflict=20
            Resolution and Department of Psychology, York University, =
and Wendy=20
            M. Craig of the Department of Psychology, Queen's =
University.</P>
            <DIV align=3Dcenter>
            <P><A=20
            =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#"=20
            target=3D_top><IMG height=3D25 alt=3D"Top of Page"=20
            src=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/uparrow_e.gif" =
width=3D75=20
            border=3D0></A></P></DIV>
            <HR>

            <P></P>
            <H3><A name=3D11></A>References</H3>
            <P>Atlas, R., and Pepler, D. (1997). Observations of =
bullying in the=20
            classroom. LaMarsh Centre for Research on Violence and =
Conflict=20
            Resolution, York University, Submitted for publication.</P>
            <P>Bentley, K.M., and Li, A. (1995). "Bully and victim =
problems in=20
            elementary schools and students' beliefs about aggression." =
Canadian=20
            journal of School Psychology, 11, 153-165.</P>
            <P>Besag, V.E. (1989). Bullies and victims in schools. A =
guide to=20
            understanding and management. England: Open University =
Press.</P>
            <P>Boulton, M.J., and Underwood, K. (1992). "Bully/ victim =
problems=20
            among middle school children." British journal of =
Educational=20
            Psychology, 62, 73-87.</P>
            <P>Charach, A., Pepler, D., and Ziegler, S. (1995). =
"Bullying at=20
            School: A Canadian perspective." Education Canada, 35, =
12-18.</P>
            <P>Craig, W. (1997). "The relationship among aggression =
types,=20
            depression, and anxiety in bullies, victims, and =
bully/victims."=20
            Personality and Individual Differences, in press.</P>
            <P>Craig, W., and Pepler, D. (1997). Naturalistic =
observations of=20
            bullying and victimization on the playground. LaMarsh Centre =
for=20
            Research on Violence and Conflict Resolution, York =
University.=20
            Unpublished report.</P>
            <P>Craig, W.M., and Pepler, D.J. (1995). "Aggression and=20
            victimization: Are they related?" Paper presented at the =
Biennial=20
            Meeting of the Society for Research on Child Development,=20
            Indianapolis, March 1995.</P>
            <P>Cunningham, C.E. (1997). The effects of primary division, =

            student-mediated conflict resolution programs on playground=20
            aggression. Department of Psychology, Chedoke-McMaster =
Hospitals,=20
            Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5.</P>
            <P>Farrington, D. P. (1993). "Understanding and preventing=20
            bullying." In M. Tonry (ed.), Crime and Justice, 17, =
Chicago:=20
            University of Chicago Press.</P>
            <P>Fine, E.S., Lacey, A., and Baer, J. (1995). Children as=20
            Peacemakers. Portsmouth, N.H.: Heinemann.</P>
            <P>Garfalo, J., Siegel, L., and Laub, M. (1987). =
"School-related=20
            victimization among adolescents: An analysis of National =
Crime=20
            Survey narratives." Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 3,=20
            321-337.</P>
            <P>Huesmann, L.R., Lagerspetz, K., and Eron, L.D. (1984).=20
            "Intervening variables in the TV violence-aggression =
relation:=20
            Evidence from two countries." Developmental Psychology, 20,=20
            746-775.</P>
            <P>Lowenstein, L.,(1978). "Who is the bully?" Bulletin of =
the=20
            British Psychological Society, 31, 147-149.</P>
            <P>Maines, B., and Robinson, G. (1992). The No Blame =
Approach.=20
            Bristol: Lame Duck Publishing.</P>
            <P>McMaster, L., Connolly, J., Craig, W., and Pepler, D. =
(1997).=20
            "Sexual harassment and dating violence among early =
adolescents."=20
            Paper presented at the Biennial Meetings of the Society for =
Research=20
            in Child Development, Washington, D.C., March 1997.</P>
            <P>Murphy, H.A., Hutchinson, J.M., and Bailey, J.S. (1983).=20
            "Behavioral school psychology goes outdoors: The effect of =
organized=20
            games on playground aggression." Journal of Applied =
Behavioral=20
            Analyses, 16, 29-35.</P>
            <P>Neary, A., and Joseph, S. (1994). "Peer victimization and =
its=20
            relationship to self-concept and depression among =
schoolgirls."=20
            Personality and Individual Differences, 16,183-186.</P>
            <P>Olweus, D. (1993) Bullying at School: What We Know and =
What We=20
            Can Do. Oxford: Blackwell.</P>
            <P>Olweus, D. (1991). "Bully/victim problems among school =
children:=20
            Some basic facts and effects of a school-based intervention=20
            program." In D. Pepler and K. Rubin (eds.), The Development =
and=20
            Treatment of Childhood Aggression, Hillsdale, 411-448.</P>
            <P>Olweus, D. (1987). "School-yard bullying-Grounds for=20
            intervention." School Safety, 6, 4-11.</P>
            <P>O'Moore, A.M. (1989). "Bullying in Britain and Ireland: =
An=20
            Overview." In E. Roland and E. Munthe (eds.), Bullying: An=20
            International Perspective. London: David Fulton, 3-21.</P>
            <P>Patterson, G.R. (1986). "The contribution of siblings to =
training=20
            for fighting: A microsocial analysis." In D. Olweus, J. =
Block and M.=20
            Radke-Yarrow (eds.), Development of antisocial and prosocial =

            behavior: Research, Theories, and Issues. New York: Academic =

            Press.</P>
            <P>Pepler, D.J., Craig, W.M., Ziegler, S., and Charach, A. =
(1993).=20
            "A school-based antibullying intervention: Preliminary =
evaluation."=20
            In D. Tattum (ed.), Understanding and managing bullying. =
Oxford:=20
            Heinemann Books, 76-91</P>
            <P>Pepler, D.J., Craig, W., Ziegler, S., and Charach, A. =
(1994). "An=20
            Evaluation of an Anti-Bullying Intervention in Toronto =
Schools.=20
            "Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 13, =
95-100.</P>
            <P>Pepler, D.J., Craig, W., Atlas, R., O'Connell, R., Smith, =
C., and=20
            Sedligdeilami, F. (1996). "AntiBullying Interventions in =
Schools: A=20
            Systemic Evaluation." Symposium presented at the University =
of=20
            Waterloo Conference on Child Development, May 1996.</P>
            <P>Pepler, D.J., Craig, W., O'Connell, R, Connolly, J., =
Atlas, R.,=20
            Sedigdeilami, F., Smith, C., and Kent, D. (1997). =
"Prevalence of=20
            bullying and victimization among Canadian elementary and =
middle=20
            school children." Manuscript in preparation.</P>
            <P>Pepler, D.J., and Craig, W. (1997). "Bullying: Research =
and=20
            Interventions." Youth Update. Publication of the Institute =
for the=20
            Study of Antisocial Youth.</P>
            <P>Pikas, A. (1989). "The common concern method for the =
treatment of=20
            mobbing. "In E. </P>
            <P>Public Legal Education and Information Service of New =
Brunswick,=20
            2001, Let's Stop Bullying! A Guide for Parents and Other =
Adults.</P>
            <P>Salmivalli, C. Lagerspetz, K., Bjorkqvist, K., Osterman, =
K., and=20
            Kaukiainen, A. (1996). "Bullying as a group process: =
Participant=20
            roles and their relation to social status within the group." =

            Aggressive Behavior, 22,1-15.</P>
            <P>Slee, P. (1995). "Peer victimization and its relationship =
to=20
            depression among Australian primary school students." =
Personality=20
            and Individual Differences, 18, 57-62.</P>
            <P>Smith, P.K. and Sharpe, S. (1994). Tackling Bullying in =
Your=20
            School: A Practical Handbook for Teachers. London: =
Routledge.</P>
            <P>Stephenson, P,. and Smith, D. (1989). "Bullying in two =
English=20
            comprehensive schools. " In E. Roland and E. Munthe (eds.),=20
            Bullying: An International Perspective. London: Fulton.</P>
            <P>Straus, M.A., Gelles, RJ., and Steinmetz, S.K. (1981). =
Behind=20
            closed doors: Violence in the American family. Garden City, =
N.Y:=20
            Anchor Books.</P>
            <P>Tattum, D. (1982). Disruptive Behaviour in Schools. John=20
            Wiley.</P>
            <P align=3Dcenter>&nbsp;</P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
      <P>&nbsp;</P><!-- #EndEditable --></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop>
      <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D3 width=3D450 border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD noWrap colSpan=3D3>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD noWrap width=3D"40%">
            <P>Last updated:
            <SCRIPT language=3Djavascript =
type=3Dtext/javascript>document.write(modified_date); </SCRIPT>
             </P></TD>
          <TD align=3Dmiddle width=3D"10%"><A=20
            =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/library/publications/fact_sheets/bullyi=
ng/index.html#"=20
            target=3D_top><IMG height=3D15 alt=3D"top of page"=20
            src=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/uparrowfoot.gif" =
width=3D15=20
            border=3D0></A></TD>
          <TD noWrap align=3Dright width=3D"40%">
            <P><A=20
            =
href=3D"http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/en/notices.html">Important&nbsp;Notices</A=
></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></BODY></HTML>

------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C9285A.B97FADD0
Content-Type: image/gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Location: http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/fipflag.gif

R0lGODlhKAAaAKIAAP9mZv8zM/+Zmf/MzP////8AAAAAAAAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAAoABoAAAOH
SLrc/jDKSau9Jet92/7gFwFCFJ4iFAQm6jrDIGSCMDju2wzg7eWnR2DDwgFDCh+AANgsAzHfEcks
DGsbbGZJmIIUM81QnFV4U7xjqXvWKJpHbtv9BnLZc0b4tDbPCzt8P3mDH31+hAsyNzxJPgt/gBCN
EJERlA+Wk5KZfx0MOp+io6SlpgQJADs=

------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C9285A.B97FADD0
Content-Type: image/gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Location: http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/18px.gif
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------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C9285A.B97FADD0
Content-Type: image/gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Location: http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/fip_e.gif
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------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C9285A.B97FADD0
Content-Type: image/gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Location: http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/canada.gif
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------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C9285A.B97FADD0
Content-Type: image/gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Location: http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/132px.gif

R0lGODlhhAAIAID/AP///////ywAAAAAhAAIAEACH4SPqcvtD6OctNqLs968+w+G4kiW5omm6sq2
7gvHWQEAOw==

------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C9285A.B97FADD0
Content-Type: image/jpeg
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Location: http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/banner_en.jpg

/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAgEASABIAAD/4Qf+RXhpZgAATU0AKgAAAAgABwESAAMAAAABAAEAAAEaAAUA
AAABAAAAYgEbAAUAAAABAAAAagEoAAMAAAABAAIAAAExAAIAAAAUAAAAcgEyAAIAAAAUAAAAhodp
AAQAAAABAAAAnAAAAMgAAABIAAAAAQAAAEgAAAABQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIDcuMAAyMDA1OjA5
OjEzIDE1OjU4OjAzAAAAAAOgAQADAAAAAf//AACgAgAEAAAAAQAAAcagAwAEAAAAAQAAAGoAAAAA
AAAABgEDAAMAAAABAAYAAAEaAAUAAAABAAABFgEbAAUAAAABAAABHgEoAAMAAAABAAIAAAIBAAQA
AAABAAABJgICAAQAAAABAAAG0AAAAAAAAABIAAAAAQAAAEgAAAAB/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAgEASABI
AAD/7QAMQWRvYmVfQ00AAv/uAA5BZG9iZQBkgAAAAAH/2wCEAAwICAgJCAwJCQwRCwoLERUPDAwP
FRgTExUTExgRDAwMDAwMEQwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwBDQsLDQ4NEA4OEBQO
Dg4UFA4ODg4UEQwMDAwMEREMDAwMDAwRDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDP/AABEI
AB4AgAMBIgACEQEDEQH/3QAEAAj/xAE/AAABBQEBAQEBAQAAAAAAAAADAAECBAUGBwgJCgsBAAEF
AQEBAQEBAAAAAAAAAAEAAgMEBQYHCAkKCxAAAQQBAwIEAgUHBggFAwwzAQACEQMEIRIxBUFRYRMi
cYEyBhSRobFCIyQVUsFiMzRygtFDByWSU/Dh8WNzNRaisoMmRJNUZEXCo3Q2F9JV4mXys4TD03Xj
80YnlKSFtJXE1OT0pbXF1eX1VmZ2hpamtsbW5vY3R1dnd4eXp7fH1+f3EQACAgECBAQDBAUGBwcG
BTUBAAIRAyExEgRBUWFxIhMFMoGRFKGxQiPBUtHwMyRi4XKCkkNTFWNzNPElBhaisoMHJjXC0kST
VKMXZEVVNnRl4vKzhMPTdePzRpSkhbSVxNTk9KW1xdXl9VZmdoaWprbG1ub2JzdHV2d3h5ent8f/
2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AO8OPqkMfyV1z6RkjHLv0r2l4bBiAf3vo7v3WfyLP9GiioJ/GtMCKsVeo8mg
3FRG4fkrdfpuc9rTJrdteIIgkNs/6h7USstcwOAIB4BBaf8ANd7kONPBW4/kWoMMeCkMQDsradDi
KqDU+zDwUhjhWU0JcSqQikKQqaiJ0rTTAVhOGhDysrGw8ezKyrG00VDdZY8wAF55h/Wb62fWTq78
Pp2U3Ewxvebq6RIpaYZZtu33erZ7PY17PemSyCJA3J2AZ8HKzyicwRGGMXOc74R/i8T6MdrWlziG
tbqSdAAgvzsZtgprcLb3M9RtTCC4snZ6n/F7/bvXntvUvqxWbLPtGT1XqAosdi5uWH2NrvAJx2Mo
u9jX+r/hPs/p0+xY2L1bLd1T9oZ9t1pe3bkCpwYbWABzMQ7NjK8a2yutluz/AASilzMRQ0N9jbfw
/Bc2QSl6oCI9IyQ4J5Jf1YPqT78x40IZ5M/8m+Vyn1w+smf0x1eBiuIyrmiyy0ndsYSWsbXulvqW
bHb37P0df/Gfo26V9b+r5trnZVdVGHj7rMrLayWtmTVVZZY8MpZrs9jbsq3/AAf6Rch1vqTOp9Yt
y6S/0nbAH2fScGNDDZt/M3/mV/4NNyZgYXEnVk5L4ZKHNiPMRBEBxcI9ceO/RGf/AE+F/9Dvn4+e
425zdu9twsqpcx2/06v0XpNf6m3dkU/aHs31fTylDGxKadjsqh9lb22H3MdYd5sc6bqwHu3Oq2Nx
/b+hr9Sn/CLaSTOGN7/b3bQy5TGuA1p8g4ZcHD6I8TkswW+jkXeg4XA1Gn1Dve3ZXTs2v3O9zLN/
qO3fpFEY2QIxmVuazJAuc7UBtlP+kf8Am+s5mH+i/wAKz7SthJLhj3V7uYbwl0qxL+r7f/cOT0ym
xuRW7aWRSRbFLqpcSyPXstts+0W/znvZ6n+E/S/pf0uskkjEADRizSlKdyBifHdSSSScxKQsrJqx
Ma7KvO2mhjrLCBMNYN7tP6oRVl/Wb1j0HOZTsBfQ9r32k7GVlp9e5/ph9rvTp3u21se/egdjS6AB
nESNRJAJ8Hy/r31j6h124OzHinGa4uoxW6sZ2a55/wALfs/wr/8ArXpLa/xf5WNVm5PTbBvHUqw1
jh/wQte+t0f6Sp7/APMWdg9K+qu3d1PrbjprXi0XAD/r1tL3O/7ZXQfVjC+o1XWGHpOfff1AteKm
2NcAPafUc3fjVM3+lv8ApKnCGT3IykRxXqCRt5PSczzPKfcsmLBjmcVcMJwhkjj90S/Vn3fl/nuB
tdQ+oHRrwwYNhwHg+7V1rS2NWtZc/c138v1FSP1Q6Bg05eT1O+6jFxztZa97WkhrRuurbWz3etY/
06Kv+DXX3V4TW/rFrnt8wP8A0WxqaOjiPULC38z1foz/ACPV/R7/AOr71KY8vd+j7RX+K0I5viwj
wEcyR34J+5/4Zw8f+M+TdZ+sgzqK+nYhNHScYBuPjktDnbf8Plmv22XPd7/3Gf8AGfpFlA8bCAXe
2TwJ/OP9VezZf/NGP139nR/w3o/+jFi9Q/8AGw2H1vsQHc4nP/sh7k2eIb8cfrpo2uX5+QHDHlMt
AkSlCJnL3P0+L97J+8//2f/tDKxQaG90b3Nob3AgMy4wADhCSU0EBAAAAAAABxwCAAACAAIAOEJJ
TQQlAAAAAAAQRgzyiSa4VtqwnAGhsKeQdzhCSU0D7QAAAAAAEABIAAAAAQABAEgAAAABAAE4QklN
BCYAAAAAAA4AAAAAAAAAAAAAP4AAADhCSU0EDQAAAAAABAAAAHg4QklNBBkAAAAAAAQAAAAeOEJJ
TQPzAAAAAAAJAAAAAAAAAAABADhCSU0ECgAAAAAAAQAAOEJJTScQAAAAAAAKAAEAAAAAAAAAAThC
SU0D9QAAAAAASAAvZmYAAQBsZmYABgAAAAAAAQAvZmYAAQChmZoABgAAAAAAAQAyAAAAAQBaAAAA
BgAAAAAAAQA1AAAAAQAtAAAABgAAAAAAAThCSU0D+AAAAAAAcAAA////////////////////////
/////wPoAAAAAP////////////////////////////8D6AAAAAD/////////////////////////
////A+gAAAAA/////////////////////////////wPoAAA4QklNBAgAAAAAABAAAAABAAACQAAA
AkAAAAAAOEJJTQQeAAAAAAAEAAAAADhCSU0EGgAAAAADRwAAAAYAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGoAAAHGAAAA
CQBiAGEAbgBuAGUAcgBfAGYAcgAAAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAABxgAA
AGoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQAAAAAQAAAAAAAG51bGwAAAAC
AAAABmJvdW5kc09iamMAAAABAAAAAAAAUmN0MQAAAAQAAAAAVG9wIGxvbmcAAAAAAAAAAExlZnRs
b25nAAAAAAAAAABCdG9tbG9uZwAAAGoAAAAAUmdodGxvbmcAAAHGAAAABnNsaWNlc1ZsTHMAAAAB
T2JqYwAAAAEAAAAAAAVzbGljZQAAABIAAAAHc2xpY2VJRGxvbmcAAAAAAAAAB2dyb3VwSURsb25n
AAAAAAAAAAZvcmlnaW5lbnVtAAAADEVTbGljZU9yaWdpbgAAAA1hdXRvR2VuZXJhdGVkAAAAAFR5
cGVlbnVtAAAACkVTbGljZVR5cGUAAAAASW1nIAAAAAZib3VuZHNPYmpjAAAAAQAAAAAAAFJjdDEA
AAAEAAAAAFRvcCBsb25nAAAAAAAAAABMZWZ0bG9uZwAAAAAAAAAAQnRvbWxvbmcAAABqAAAAAFJn
aHRsb25nAAABxgAAAAN1cmxURVhUAAAAAQAAAAAAAG51bGxURVhUAAAAAQAAAAAAAE1zZ2VURVhU
AAAAAQAAAAAABmFsdFRhZ1RFWFQAAAABAAAAAAAOY2VsbFRleHRJc0hUTUxib29sAQAAAAhjZWxs
VGV4dFRFWFQAAAABAAAAAAAJaG9yekFsaWduZW51bQAAAA9FU2xpY2VIb3J6QWxpZ24AAAAHZGVm
YXVsdAAAAAl2ZXJ0QWxpZ25lbnVtAAAAD0VTbGljZVZlcnRBbGlnbgAAAAdkZWZhdWx0AAAAC2Jn
Q29sb3JUeXBlZW51bQAAABFFU2xpY2VCR0NvbG9yVHlwZQAAAABOb25lAAAACXRvcE91dHNldGxv
bmcAAAAAAAAACmxlZnRPdXRzZXRsb25nAAAAAAAAAAxib3R0b21PdXRzZXRsb25nAAAAAAAAAAty
aWdodE91dHNldGxvbmcAAAAAADhCSU0EEQAAAAAAAQEAOEJJTQQUAAAAAAAEAAAACjhCSU0EDAAA
AAAG7AAAAAEAAACAAAAAHgAAAYAAAC0AAAAG0AAYAAH/2P/gABBKRklGAAECAQBIAEgAAP/tAAxB
ZG9iZV9DTQAC/+4ADkFkb2JlAGSAAAAAAf/bAIQADAgICAkIDAkJDBELCgsRFQ8MDA8VGBMTFRMT
GBEMDAwMDAwRDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAENCwsNDg0QDg4QFA4ODhQUDg4O
DhQRDAwMDAwREQwMDAwMDBEMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwM/8AAEQgAHgCAAwEi
AAIRAQMRAf/dAAQACP/EAT8AAAEFAQEBAQEBAAAAAAAAAAMAAQIEBQYHCAkKCwEAAQUBAQEBAQEA
AAAAAAAAAQACAwQFBgcICQoLEAABBAEDAgQCBQcGCAUDDDMBAAIRAwQhEjEFQVFhEyJxgTIGFJGh
sUIjJBVSwWIzNHKC0UMHJZJT8OHxY3M1FqKygyZEk1RkRcKjdDYX0lXiZfKzhMPTdePzRieUpIW0
lcTU5PSltcXV5fVWZnaGlqa2xtbm9jdHV2d3h5ent8fX5/cRAAICAQIEBAMEBQYHBwYFNQEAAhED
ITESBEFRYXEiEwUygZEUobFCI8FS0fAzJGLhcoKSQ1MVY3M08SUGFqKygwcmNcLSRJNUoxdkRVU2
dGXi8rOEw9N14/NGlKSFtJXE1OT0pbXF1eX1VmZ2hpamtsbW5vYnN0dXZ3eHl6e3x//aAAwDAQAC
EQMRAD8A7w4+qQx/JXXPpGSMcu/SvaXhsGIB/e+ju/dZ/Is/0aKKgn8a0wIqxV6jyaDcVEbh+St1
+m5z2tMmt214giCQ2z/qHtRKy1zA4AgHgEFp/wA13uQ408Fbj+Ragwx4KQxAOytp0OIqoNT7MPBS
GOFZTQlxKpCKQpCpqInStNMBWE4aEPKysbDx7MrKsbTRUN1ljzAAXnmH9ZvrZ9ZOrvw+nZTcTDG9
5urpEilphlm27fd6tns9jXs96ZLIIkDcnYBnwcrPKJzBEYYxc5zvhH+LxPox2taXOIa1upJ0ACC/
Oxm2Cmtwtvcz1G1MILiydnqf8Xv9u9ee29S+rFZss+0ZPVeoCix2Lm5YfY2u8AnHYyi72Nf6v+E+
z+nT7FjYvVst3VP2hn23Wl7duQKnBhtYAHMxDs2MrxrbK62W7P8ABKKXMxFDQ32Nt/D8FzZBKXqg
Ij0jJDgnkl/Vg+pPvzHjQhnkz/yb5XKfXD6yZ/THV4GK4jKuaLLLSd2xhJaxte6W+pZsdvfs/R1/
8Z+jbpX1v6vm2udlV1UYePusystrJa2ZNVVlljwylmuz2Nuyrf8AB/pFyHW+pM6n1i3LpL/SdsAf
Z9JwY0MNm38zf+ZX/g03JmBhcSdWTkvhkoc2I8xEEQHFwj1x479EZ/8AT4X/0O+fj57jbnN2723C
yqlzHb/Tq/Rek1/qbd2RT9oezfV9PKUMbEpp2OyqH2VvbYfcx1h3mxzpurAe7c6rY3H9v6Gv1Kf8
ItpJM4Y3v9vdtDLlMa4DWnyDhlwcPojxOSzBb6ORd6DhcDUafUO97dldOza/c73Ms3+o7d+kURjZ
AjGZW5rMkC5ztQG2U/6R/wCb6zmYf6L/AArPtK2EkuGPdXu5hvCXSrEv6vt/9w5PTKbG5FbtpZFJ
FsUuqlxLI9ey22z7Rb/Oe9nqf4T9L+l/S6ySSMQANGLNKUp3IGJ8d1JJJJzEpCysmrExrsq87aaG
OssIEw1g3u0/qhFWX9ZvWPQc5lOwF9D2vfaTsZWWn17n+mH2u9One7bWx796B2NLoAGcRI1EkAnw
fL+vfWPqHXbg7MeKcZri6jFbqxnZrnn/AAt+z/Cv/wCtektr/F/lY1Wbk9NsG8dSrDWOH/BC1763
R/pKnv8A8xZ2D0r6q7d3U+tuOmteLRcAP+vW0vc7/tldB9WML6jVdYYek599/UC14qbY1wA9p9Rz
d+NUzf6W/wCkqcIZPcjKRHFeoJG3k9JzPM8p9yyYsGOZxVwwnCGSOP3RL9Wfd+X+e4G11D6gdGvD
Bg2HAeD7tXWtLY1a1lz9zXfy/UVI/VDoGDTl5PU77qMXHO1lr3taSGtG66ttbPd61j/Toq/4Ndfd
XhNb+sWue3zA/wDRbGpo6OI9QsLfzPV+jP8AI9X9Hv8A6vvUpjy936PtFf4rQjm+LCPARzJHfgn7
n/hnDx/4z5N1n6yDOor6diE0dJxgG4+OS0Odt/w+Wa/bZc93v/cZ/wAZ+kWUDxsIBd7ZPAn84/1V
7Nl/80Y/Xf2dH/Dej/6MWL1D/wAbDYfW+xAdzic/+yHuTZ4hvxx+umja5fn5AcMeUy0CRKUImcvc
/T4v3sn7z//ZOEJJTQQhAAAAAABVAAAAAQEAAAAPAEEAZABvAGIAZQAgAFAAaABvAHQAbwBzAGgA
bwBwAAAAEwBBAGQAbwBiAGUAIABQAGgAbwB0AG8AcwBoAG8AcAAgADcALgAwAAAAAQA4QklNBAYA
AAAAAAcABAABAAEBAP/hEkhodHRwOi8vbnMuYWRvYmUuY29tL3hhcC8xLjAvADw/eHBhY2tldCBi
ZWdpbj0n77u/JyBpZD0nVzVNME1wQ2VoaUh6cmVTek5UY3prYzlkJz8+Cjw/YWRvYmUteGFwLWZp
bHRlcnMgZXNjPSJDUiI/Pgo8eDp4YXBtZXRhIHhtbG5zOng9J2Fkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvJyB4Onhh
cHRrPSdYTVAgdG9vbGtpdCAyLjguMi0zMywgZnJhbWV3b3JrIDEuNSc+CjxyZGY6UkRGIHhtbG5z
OnJkZj0naHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS8wMi8yMi1yZGYtc3ludGF4LW5zIycgeG1sbnM6
aVg9J2h0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20vaVgvMS4wLyc+CgogPHJkZjpEZXNjcmlwdGlvbiBhYm91
dD0ndXVpZDo4ZmRlODIzNC0yNDkwLTExZGEtOTAyMy05NWU0OTU5OTdmYWMnCiAgeG1sbnM6eGFw
TU09J2h0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8nPgogIDx4YXBNTTpEb2N1bWVudElE
PmFkb2JlOmRvY2lkOnBob3Rvc2hvcDozOTY1MzRlNC0wYjcwLTExZGEtOGU1Mi1kYmRiODY0MDlj
YjM8L3hhcE1NOkRvY3VtZW50SUQ+CiA8L3JkZjpEZXNjcmlwdGlvbj4KCjwvcmRmOlJERj4KPC94
OnhhcG1ldGE+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAKICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIAogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
IAogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgCiAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIAogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAKICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIAogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIAog
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIAogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAKICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIAogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIAogICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgIAogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAKICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIAogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIAogICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgIAogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgCiAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIAogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
ICAKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAg
IAo8P3hwYWNrZXQgZW5kPSd3Jz8+/+4ADkFkb2JlAGQAAAAAAf/bAIQABgQEBAUEBgUFBgkGBQYJ
CwgGBggLDAoKCwoKDBAMDAwMDAwQDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAEHBwcNDA0Y
EBAYFA4ODhQUDg4ODhQRDAwMDAwREQwMDAwMDBEMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwM
/8AAEQgAagHGAwERAAIRAQMRAf/dAAQAOf/EAMQAAQABBQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgMFBgcECAEB
AAIDAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAECAwQFBgcQAAEDAwIDBAUJBAYHCQAAAAEAAgMRBAUSBiETBzFBUSJh
MkJiFHGBkbFScoIVCKGisiNDc4OzNHTB0ZIzJDU3U1SUtNQldRY2EQABAwICBgUJBAYIBwAAAAAA
AQIDEQQSBSExIjJCE0FSYnIGUYKSstIjM0MUYXHic4HCU2ODs/CxopMkdDUWkdGj0zSEFf/aAAwD
AQACEQMRAD8A7Zpc7i4lzjxLjxJPits1RoSooNHoU1JoNHoSooRywoqKDlhKihVy0qQOWlQTy0qT
QkRoKFQiUEkiL0IKFQiSooVCL0JUUKxD6FFRQnkehKihUIAlSaFQgSooSIfQoqSVCH0JUUKuSoqC
oQoBylAJ5Q8EJKuUFIKhEhBPKCipNCoRBKk0KuX6FFRQqEYUVFCoRJUlEJESVFCRHRKihUGBRUEh
g8EqSiEhgSooVCNKihUI1AoToQE6FIJDVChCoAJUkaVFQSGoCdKABqAnSgACAqogFFAJohJanube
3bqnkbE3xeQPrSooeCXceMZXQ50xHdG0n9poFVXIWRinkfukupybRxr263AEfMNSjGThPPJnMtIf
Ly4m+6CT+0qMSk0Q8V5k3xQvnvLsshjBdI9x0tAHaoV2jSXY1XKjWpVxp56r7S+MEHxT9JNDPx0r
U+tjrSp3/wDbN5y8eHzT/9DupioSPSVtVNeg5SVA5SVA5SVBPLCioHK9CVBPJSoHJKVBUIUqTQrE
PoSooVCH0KKklYg9CVBWIFFQVC3SpJcFvwUVBIgSoJ+H9CVLFQgSoJECioKhAlSKE8lKigEKVFCe
R3qKkkiFKgcoVSoKhGEqCeUFJKEiIIKE8pVFCoRIKFQjUVFCQxKgnl1SooOWEqKFQjCVJJ0BKgnQ
oqCdKAaUqQTRKgaaqATpCEigQEqQO1AKICaIAgJ4KAY3I5y0svJxmn7oWcT+I+yoV1CyJUwUuWzV
08kyfDxHsjjHGnpcVSql0RCy6IPOqWsjvtPNT+1RQkjXGzu7EBbddNA4BKkIh557uVsbnk6I2Aue
93BoaBUkk9wUKpZrVVaJrOBdQepEudyBsrKRzcNbO9atOe8e0fc+yuZcyq/Qmo+h5BlKW/vJE956
hqH5l56+ytHlHrPqUP/R+gZIwJHCntH61sIphoU8seCVFCeWPBKig5Y8EqKDlKKgq5SVA5KAnkoC
4IghJUIgoBcEQQULjYQoqTQrEPoUVJoViBKihUIVFSaFXJSooTyfQlRQnkpUUHJUVFCeSlRQctKk
jlpUUHLQig5aCg5aChIjQUJ5akkkRqANCVBIYlQToUABiAnSgFPQgJAQE0QANRQTpUAUogCAAICa
ISKIBRAAEBNEAogMffZqxtH8t7y+bt5UY1OA8T3N/EoVaEolTE3eTyF7VsR+GgP2T5yPvDsVVcWw
01nmisY4+6p7yhNS9yqd3BCBygeFEBT8DqPYooTUpdjwONB86jCSinKuu+eurHH2eAtJOWckx014
9vAmFh0iP5Hu9ZaN7KrUwoeu8K5a2V7pnfL2Wd7rHB5o2jyN4uPZRaCOPcSsRNCayr4V3J008yjG
lS/IXBTpP//S+jJYv5r/ALx+tZkMalPKUkDlIBykBUIlUEiJATyypFCeUfBRUmhWIgoqSViIJUFx
sYUVBdbEEqSViMKCSoRhQCrQEqBpCAnSgGlATpSooKICNKEjQEqBoQgjSgGkoAGlANJQAAoCaKAT
wQCiAAKQCEAogFEBNEAAUAmiAUQCiABCQgLcskcbC+R4Y0cS5xAA+coERV1Gs5jqdsLENPxubtg9
vbHE/nP4e7HqKwunYmtToQZVcy7rHer6xo2b/U5syzBbjbW5yMgNASGwMPzu1O/cWF143oOpD4Zm
XS9zY09I82E6vdRd2SgYLb0GOs/avb0ySD8LRytSlsz3akNe5sbaDW9ZXdjZN7tP/sHwrn5XJ1Aa
XzOa1kDGtAq7iPMGj3nrOlelTkuoq0a04J1K6nz5iafD4B7rfCtJZLctJEl0RwJLu1sX2W+37S5V
xdYtCaj6Dkvh9kKJJMmKXq8MX4jsvTjM2d90+xeQmnYxlrbiG8kkeAGPg8p1uPZwC37d6LGi1PIZ
xauju3sRF2nYmdrGZHAbowW4jduw8rrm3spBFJdhhbC95FdMbjTXQLJHKj64dRq3djLb05qYFemL
DxecZflLJQ1CRGe5QFJ0kIEPJkZ4IWcyeTSxvs+KhVMjWquo+Zese4GZnesvw9RDYxMtRx9oVc76
1yrpyOefSPD1s6K3SvGuI0ryx073E8Fraz0WhidpT28s8s8fPSqwV0mbTh+0/9P6Vkj/AJj/ALx+
tZEUoqFPL9CmooToHglRQaB4JUUKtAVaihOgJUUJ0JUmhIYEqKFQjUChWI0FC42MITQuBqgFQCgC
iAmiEiiAUQCiAUQCiAUQCiAIAUIIQkUQCiAUQCiAUQABATRAKIBRAKIBRAEAQBAaLufrNsHbty+0
u751xeRcJLa1YZXNPgXcGA/jWu+5Y1aV0nWs8jubhuJraM6z9k0bJfqmwMT3tsMPcTgDyPmeyOp7
qtbrWFb1OhDqs8KycT2p3do0LPfqO33kdUdm+HFxO4DkM1Pp9+TV9SwPunrq0HWtvDtrHv1kXtfh
NQdm94bluBBJd3mVnd2sdI+QD5anS1a9Hv6anaR1paNrRkfre0bDjekeVuNL8pLyGu/oIfM8/K48
FnZaqms8/feKUdojTznHUtm9INvWAZdTWbSRxaZfO8+kl3YttkCJrPM3WZzy7zjK9VcvkttbLF9g
ZxY3EVzFGXNY11Y3VGmjgQl09Wsq3RpNrw/axXFzglbjbhccY3D1W3puDEnF31zGy1d/vzbxiJ8w
8JCD6vuhcyS7kclFU91Z5Ba28nMYiq7hxuxNZ3TUA2i1js0LsXxkrRZwOkcLh7Wi3a52l73GjatH
AmqsldRjdhTaWmym8fVe08Lj9lbJt7W8lZbx2URnyNy6gbzX+aQk9/HyNXdiakbNJ8mv7h97dK5q
Ysa4Y29nhPBs/qrtvc899DD/AMC+0cDF8U9jOdESQJG1Ip7zFWG6Y9VTVQ2MxyGe1Rrl94j/ANnt
YHF7N9U9iYZ3LucrHNMO2G1BncPl0eX95S+5jb0lLXIrubS1itTt7HrFO2OomN3LbXl3YWtxFZWj
gwXNw1rWyPPEtYASfL7SRTo/SlaFb/KX2rmterVe7hZw948ktxcZW9GuvKa7g351FaqVRqRtPm7d
jmw7my2o1d8XKAPkcVyXJVyn0ywejLdi9OFph45C13Mfxd3DwRU6DK161xO1nsZK8275fClPpCxU
00NhHrhVx//U+nXt87vlP1q1SKEaEqRQnlhKig5YSooSGBKihIYEqKFXLSpJPLCVBIaoBUAgKg0q
CSaICUAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBCAhIQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAfFfVOC1j39n22RHwwu5NJB4av
bHzP1BcOWiPWh9Xylr1s41d1TSy9nY0gu9HEqTI5yajbunHTu93flXMq63xtrR17dd9D2Rs99/7q
yQxK9adBy80v0tY6/Mfue33T6S2/sfFYi0Za460bBAzhUDzOPi53a5y6bImomg8DcXT5XYnriUzc
kGLxto+8v5Ire3hBc+aYta1oHyqzlRNZSKN8jsLEVzuyc4tOv+35M8+0uLOSHD6+XBkgdR8Nb4qc
Iz7vmWgl83FToPUv8JTJFia5HS/svZ7Rf68X1tJsKyfaytmgvrqN8M0ZqxzGtLtQIU3rk5afeV8L
QOS7ciphdGw4A3UuRVD6MiEitePYqqpdENj2Dk8NiN2WOUzLHyWVnrlDI263GUNPL8vD2llgka16
K7Uc7N7aWa2dHFTG/Z8ziPf1B6k5neFzynA2mGidqt7BprU9z5iPXf8AutWW5u1kXsmtlGQx2Ta7
8rt6T2DTXMqOIqAtWp26FyzgglvLeK4f8PavkY2eYD1GFwDnU9AVm0VUKS4kYqtTE5qbLe0fSGLy
2y321vgtvX1tJDbs0xWsDquLQKue4U7T2ucV3WOZTC1T5RdW91iWWZrkVy7zjXt6dQ8btKEwW7Rc
ZeQVht+5vg+TwaqSyoz7zYsMtfcrVdlh89Xd1NdXc93cO13Fw90srveedR+tc9dJ7tjUaiJ1ShrX
SOA8VVVoWRFcplOWBByvELWrpqdPAmHCf//V+oiBqPyqSDSOoQuczf4nZ1lcyWsmRc+7yFxCS18V
pbCvaOzmzmNgWndVeqRotMW07utPR5Hht2SXb2o9IqRRMfuvnm9iLG4yfT7LXOT2xbi9P/uePc/H
5Jp7Rc2p5byfv0bJ+NZLZ6uYld5uy7vNNLO7VsNyuD4UtJ4fypttvo7nmmyaVsHJJ0oBpQFVEAog
NQ6VzTTbVc+aR0j/AI++bqeS40bdSACp8AtWzWrPOd6x3vEbEbc0RKe6h/lNNxoto4JjN1Yy+ym2
sljrCUQXt3byRW8znOY1j3No1xcwOc2nuhYpmK5iomtUN7LrhkNwyR6YmMejnt7PnHtx8Etvj7aC
VwdLDEyORwJILmtAJBPHtVmpREQ153o57nJqc5T0KxiCAIAgCAIAgCAIAgCAIAgCAIAgCAIAgCAI
AgCAIAgIJABJNAOJJQHA+rX6hGWbrnA7PIuLqhiucu06o43dhbBT13j/ALT1W+zq9nSmuU1Iemyv
InPo+TVws63ePnXkXdxIZLiRznOJLqmpJK5+JD2zIHv3lPZDatZRkbKvdQADtJPABY1cqm9HC1iH
1r052lHtvadlYaB8U9onvDTiZpBU1+76q7VvHgZQ+U5tercXDn9G63utOd/qAx+StL7GZW3u5oYb
iN0EsMcj2t1sNQQ0EDsK08wqiop6fwgrHtfGrUxJtHIZ57qYATzSzAcaSPc8fQ4lcrFU9y2JrdSJ
5pbaBVFLoh7H319LYw2Ml1I+yt3F8Fs55MbHO7S1vYKqFetKdBRtvGjleiJjdvO4iyGDxVamahUI
2JUULnLFFSpcnkg8VNQS2LW4Mawue4hrWtBc4k9wA4kqSFomlTpez+heZybGXeeecTZOo5tuAHXT
wfEHyxfi83uroQZc52l+yh5HM/FsMNWwJzn9f5TfbMpvnd+zem1g/BbVsohnbhn8yd3nexp9uV58
znfZYtx6shSjE0nn7aK4zGTmXDl5bf6bDDgVzd3d5cy3VzK6W4mdrlleaucStJVrrPYRxta1GtTZ
LYYoUyUL9qBzASsb9RmhTaPSZTzR4BY8Og3a6T//1vqUt4n5VJBpOwAM1ms7u9/mhu5vy7Eu7vg7
NxaXt9E0+t/4Vp22250nl2W9xn4j0Wdf4eGK0TWxvPn/AD7jh/hxYWi0P5D1PubM+Ww3Vb/F2/cB
fWY0TNH9ZBpld7zUbsTKnRImLz2iVPqcta/5lk/lv/y8+1H6EuwZLqRe3ljsXNXlnM+3uoLZz4Zo
yWva4EcQQsl05Ujcqa6GpkMLJL2Jj0RzHP2muMTirLcu8LOLI3WUusLhJWD8vtbBzYrqeOnC4nnc
HubzfXZFHp8mnW7UsTEfKlVVWN4cO93nON65lt7F6xtjZcTovvXzbcMbv2MUWy13L3XPfi2t0gz5
zN5h+2MLkJ7PC4KOO3zGbJEl7PPoFIYpHhwEgbR88+nVrd/tKue7A1aNZvv4/wCnWcTght4kuZmN
knuVdJBb7tvHHi+K9jODhii3cJkX9OLRjXPs81mLW8I4XXx80pLu4vjmL4nj3SxX+lToc9F7xqpn
rl0Pit3s6nJYz0Xx4Xt9Iv7OzWWuJ8ng82WSZnCyRtmuYm6GXEE7S+CcN7GOcGubIweVr2K0EjlV
Wu3mf2jFmlpE1rJoapDcI7Cx206KSPZlixcWHgd1XGldOG5zN425xVldSYzEWF9efmF7AALiaaS5
fI2CF7g5sbGRlj5ZKa/5jGM9talrieitRcLWudi629unoc95NvI2V7Ummlii5Ub/AIUcbYms5sje
Nzn4mxs3dhzncJtVz07fBC+bB5zJ2OUb5o557uW6he8dnPhnMjHtJ9aga5bC21N1zkd3sXpHFjzx
HLSaKGSLqsjZC9rf3UkWBzHHmvN23+T6SZHOx1scrFZ3LZhE4gxXVuXRyaD3edhczj6qq6ZXQK7U
6i+kZ4stZDmjIV95EsjMOLjhlo9mLzXbQy2WyeJvdoZp91K7FXrY8bloXOJj13UYNvcEdzhMNL5P
svR71arHV2V2XeduuFtbRzsuIUa3mx4p4HcWGF3vYv7vdZ2Te1uHmzUcnkb6+6h4vCWVw+G0xtvJ
ksuI3ECTWeVbQvI97XK5ntNatZ7lWVGpqamJ36p3LeBkdhJM9Ec+V7YIMXDh95NI3+yzEeGGbN71
yt4bbIT4raVhK+1jlsncq6vbiI6ZXCahdFbsd5G8vzSfa+zRFdK5aLhjb1d5/wCE2XNhy+JuJjZr
uVqSUl24baN+57vjmdvbe4em82FkLGB1xtfN39pkY/PHDeXMl5aSnvbLHOXkah5dcbmuapdbqiVY
5yL2lxNMMWcskdhuYonxrxRMbBNH+W+LD6LzMbO3KNw4Rl6+H4W9ikktshZk1MNzA7RLHX0Hi33V
lglxtrqXi7xo5pYfSzKxFxsciSRSftIZNpjzNrMc4IAgCAIAgCAIAgCAIAgCAIAgCAIAgCAxudz+
IwOOlyWWumWlnCPNJIaVPc1o7XOPc1qq5yNSqmWCB8rkYxMTlPmvqh1vyu6WyYrB8zG4J1WzPqG3
FyPBxFeXEfsN8zvb+yuZcXeLQ3Ue+yjwykW3LR0nV4We0csZDFGKAUWliU9Y2JrdRdjaD3UCqqmV
ENp6c4mPJb5wtpI0OidctkkB+zGC/wD0K8CYntT7TnZzMsdpI5Or6x9akHjTtNaE9le5ehU+PIpw
vqlsvqvlch8Zcxx5WxhqLWKw8oiaePGF3n1e95lyLyCZ61XaTsn0HIM0y6FmFqrC9286bi/iHKLq
1vbN5jvraW1k+zMxzD+8Aua5qoezimZIlWqju7tFjQw8QQR6FVFMioNCKoJa0qKkkqRUrbJT2goo
WIkug0VJHDuRGkVPorpttDa+38VaZSRrbrNXMTZZLuUV5WsV0RNPBlB7XrLu2tuxja63HyrPM4nu
ZHR1wQsXcbx9p/WLfUHrLh9vQPtrUfGZWQHlwNPlaT7Uh7gsst0jUNXLMlkuHdLYz5nyd5eZPI3G
RvXcy7uXmSR3dx7h6AuW56uWqn0KC2bG1GpqaeehUVM1CDwQF23cNSq4yw6y5r89FWhsYkrQ/9fv
nU3OXOK2fcR2AL8tlHNx2MiZTU64ujoGmvtNbqeta7kVrNG87Zb5x2/D9o2a6ar9EUPv5vyodr2T
E7fye+sJhLHE22xJeTYwsha78ysQXFooXHzdr3eYrFG+RjUakertNN69t7K4mdK66bikcr/gT/8A
LhMPv/K79u8ba5Q7PlsJsBcsyTLz460m0shB5zHMjdrcx8ZdrDViuXyqiOwYcC495pv5Nb2TJHRf
UtkbcsWDl8qWPaf8N2J+zia/dNn6i39tkelOWyFq7XbXePE8LvFkga5v7Cti5cjoVVOlpx8jhdFm
cbHbzJcDvNNqxUbI8XZxsGljII2taO4BgAC2WJoQ4tw5Vkcq9Z39Zq3SkV2/fzP/AMTPlsjJdHvM
vxLmmv4WtWtZ7q9539Z2fEa+/YibrYIWs7nLQ3NbZwCBGwPLw0B7qBzqcSB2VKE1WlDS+kUbG7Um
c0UMmRv3PPifiXtr9DQtSyTY853rHoPEzlW5T7IYf5TTdVtnnjk1t/0h3n/mcx/evXNT4D/vee2k
/wBUtu5beo03XIYCLcGwPyeQhpu7CNsTz7ErY2uif+CRrXLadHjiw+Vp5+C9W2vuanBK7F2mYttv
nMK9j7hfmNpWmQvSIryFjoMm1xA0XFsTHNq8PMwv+6pt5cTEVdfF5pXN7FILp0bNLHLjh7UUu3H6
2EwmyTcXGFz+8KH4vPSTXNnUeZtpbMMVo2n3Wcz+0WKCqtdJ0v8AVbuHRzZGtmitOC2RrJPzpV5l
x62DzDG9Oj1Di2Phm4y0wz7E2zXwvmubpsp1kucZAyBzQ8uJ1Uc7zLHbc1I20RlKeV3sm3nn0Dry
TmOuOZj2sDIsGzs7OKXdNj5/Vb/uWC/8Vef+nWes3kZ/xd7JysGWda5/u4f+8VbHwGfxdxnLrMfC
Mky14LxkFk+SSNjjE1jzWVkTtTyzUlvG5quV1NpcWyVze9gmbE2LHSCPlYpUa1ztpXN3HP3cRtK2
TjBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEBpvUvqLj9k4U3cjW3GQn8llZl2kvd3uceJDG+0VhmmRiHS
yzLX3cmFNlvG/qnyluvem5N25L43NXRmLSeRA3ywxA90bBwH3vWd7TlyJJXPWqn0vL8uit24Y07z
uNximRSEcAsCvTpOsjFLrLN5NXKivToLpEehsBHY1Y8RkRpmdn5R2H3Ti8kQQy2uGGT7jjpd+wrJ
DJhei/aaWZ2vOtnx9Zvqn17RrvM01a7i0+IPEL09T4npTWQWnu7UBaubWC7j5V1BHcRngWSsbIPo
cCociLrLxyOYtWqre6uE57v7pjtObET3GPwTvzYilqzHgsLnn7bQdGlaNxasVtUTa7J6TKM+uWyo
18vuuLm/qnNMT0K35eFrrxsGMiJ4m4k1yAfcj1LRZl8i9k9VceLrOPdxTL2d30nG3Wf6fMHawmbM
Zu4lDBqf8PGyJgA7eL9TlsJlrUSrnHGl8ZzOWkUbW9/bMNszp/trNbtvp4LWS42vYVhjEz3O5033
hSoaqQWzHPrTYNnMs8nhtmorsNxJtbPA06O/p1s93khwNkGDs/lkn6SVvfSx9VDy3/27vWsryzF0
i2UZmzzYm2YWnUA0Opw9BNFKWzE6A7PLpUpjeaj1Y6i4vbMH5Jt9rJcxI2kk/BzbZnZ2dnM+z9lY
7iVGaE1m9k+VPuV5j/h+u44IZZZZn3FzI6aeQ6pJHGpcT4lctyqq1PfRRoxuFNDQXtKihkKdTfBA
QWtcOCmoVKlA8hr2UU6yE2dJ5Tcl1yCAeWzi53dx4fWVfDoNNbhcaLwn/9DtkldxdU4ogdWM2hb8
2QdrXZC8FGA/1UI1e49aa+8m+yL13HpW/wCFy1V+bfOw/wDrQb3py+k031bh5opljjljfFI0PjkB
a9p4gtIoQUVKktcqLVNaHG5ZJMb033ts65eTNt4SNtNR4usbk823dx7aVc0+tp9VcpVwxPjXg9R2
6e9a1Jcwtbtu7dYcf+Yi93Mdex3/AC+2/qmfwhdNupDw0++7vKaV8U/Y+4cnNexPdtTNzm+F9Gx0
gs7yQATNnawFzYZiA9stNLH+v9taleS5a/Dftdxx6DlpmMDEYqfV27eTy3Lh+ogb8PlYvmR7uDib
u9Uy911M2HBbiZubtblzv93b2sjbid7j2NbDFqk1H7qyrdRom8hpR5BeudTlPZ25G8qNv8R+Fha2
ZjcpLkMpufLQGzvMwYmWtg7i+3s7cERNk8JZC90srfY1aVEDVVVe7QruHqtLZrPG2OO2iXmMgxY5
eGWeX4mD92zC1jOsefpJ/wDkn/8AyF//AObkVbPc853rGXxL/wCUn5UP8phua2zgHJrb/pDvP/M5
j+9euanwH/e89tJ/qlt3Lb1GnTMF/wAkx/8Alof7sLfj3U+48jefGf33escw3e7IYTP5fbOPD2M3
0Yn46VtdENzI9sGQPDvMBE9Vz5qscrE+du97dkPYZYkdxBHcSaVy3Fzf3kTUWW0/6vujqtlY21lY
wWNuwNtraJsMUfcGMaGtH0BdFrURKIeMlmdI9XuXaeuN3ecaJgMtDsIy7c3A422FZK9+Ay7g51ub
eV5eLeaQA8qWFzi1vM0tez1Vpxv5Ow7d4HfqnpLy2XMqXEG3OrU+pg+bzWJh50bOOOTsbrjMZLqb
s+2j02N/Fmb+QUtcfjXC6mlf3NAi1hn3n6WrK67jTUuNeqzaNCDILp61exYI035Z/cxsb/Ew4vNP
RsbDZPHYqefLkfm+VuZb++jadTYnzUDYWH7MUbWs+9qVreNWtq7ecuJTFm91HLKjYvgwsbDH28Hz
HfmPxONiWc5QQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQFEj2Rxue40a0Fzj6BxKBEqfGXUXdtxu3dt5kXE
/DBxhso61DIYyQ353es5cK4mVzlU+uZNlrbeBGcW9I7tO9kwDYmx8SKlaquqdtGIhW27azgQqrHU
tzD0R3cTh6VVWKhdHoXmujd2GhVFLopLjQUqCoCqd/6G7zvczjLnD5B5muMW1ht5nes6B3lDXHvL
CKLvZdcK9qtXhPmHi7K2QSpLGmFs2+3tnUNQ8F0Tx9Cdbe9CaFJcK1CEUD9B7QhJq3U59yzYWbfa
B3PbbktDAS7tFaUWC5+GtDqZIjVu48WrEVbBxcFnsnC27Y+R/wAJHJM2mlxfINTi6veSVNu1EYn3
Fc2lV91ItdCPXCZie/tYGlsdHOHh2fSsxzzhfVTrZOJJsJt2Yc0VZdXzexncWR+97y0p7mmhp6nJ
8jxqkku7wsOKOke9zpJHl8jzqfI41cSe8krnLVT3DGo1KJqIJBUIhao1BTQAFQqAqa4gqqoXRS3c
Vk8jTQHtKlugxSortB7rW2tBib1nDW5jDX+0aVNTC6JtUTo/Cf/R+qG9gQISgCAIAgCA88GOx9vI
ZYLaKKR3rPYxrXGviQFVGompDK+d7ko5znJ956FYxBAEAQBAEAQEPY17S14Dmu4FpFQQhKKqaULV
tY2VrX4a3jg1ety2NZX5dIChGomovJM9+8qu7yl5SYwgCAIAgCAIAgCAIAgCAIAgCAIAgCAx+eMo
wmQMRpKLebQfA6DRVfqUywU5ja9ZD4ftGhsdQOI4LzUms+5R6i4XceIUIhZVLb4g8VCsjqFVZUsm
JzTUOor4qmJYVTpKvijE2pOpRy6krPhQqjyzHGhbRVWEqy9a7Wdd/TzPPJuy9fED8OLMtuD3VLwW
Lby5ipIv3HmvGT2Lat63M2T6BL12z5oWpJT3D50B45rmdnFvFUqpeh4352aM0LVGInAXbfNSSH1D
8qlHEK2heuLl8jPOdLO9WVShoO+It8ZzH3GK2ZY6g6sV5kZJWQtbwFY49RqXkH1vZWCXEqUadXLu
Qx2OZe6w5E/9O3Vn2cbCfEi6g4/S4LU+leemd4htl6XeiWJ+gHVmJms4kP8AdZcQOP8AGo+md5Cz
c9tl4l9Ewt70p6mWbC+fbt9oHaWRiTs/qy5UWBydBnbm1u7VIhhbnbe57RhkusVfW7BxL5baZjaf
K5oChY18hssvI3antMeJ3tJDjQjtB4EfSqKhsNm8inoiuNQ48fkVVabDZvKXqAjgqmxoVA3WGvFe
0cfpCmpSh//S+qUAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEBitzZa
HEYDI5OanLtLeSUg9hLWmjfxHgqSOwtVTYtIFllaxNb3I0+J2Sx0eXuALjqNOzjxXmnVVT7i3C1t
K6jzvuQTRnm9AWRGGB06Vomkpc+d3CoYPT2qaNQhVkd2T022Fvrk1bDO/wBLY3kfsChzlTUhRGM1
ueepm2r2Q6fhp3U7hE8n6lGN3kJVIOlzfSaXYtj5qd7W22KvpXPNG0t5acfTpV28xeg13zWbKq57
PTPobpts47OxJZDDcXN3dBr7pxhe0B9PVHCulq69vHgT7VPm2cX/ANVJ2G7mk2x2TynEjG3B/s3/
AOpZ8SnHwJ5SqG9zMpoMZNTxcNH8RCmqhWJ5T0Cxy1wONsIK9ut7Sf3aqdJXQhA23dl1XmM/OT/o
UYRiQ9DcFctGlssbB6GkqcJWpLdstca3Fy94+y0Bv+tKCplre2ht4hFC0MY3sA+sqxUuoAgCAEA9
oqgPFeYbEXv+MsoLn+uiY/8AiBUK1CzZHJqVTA3PS7p9cvMkuAsw89pjibH/AAUVFiavQbLL+dup
7jA5ToF07vWHkWj7KQ+3C91PoJIWN1sxTdhz25Yu9iNad+mfD/FNLb9/w3HW0t81O6iw/RJXWdL/
AHTJh3do/9P6pQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQHCev258
llHxbMwcc1xI5wkyPw7XPcSOLIvL/tOXOvJVVcCHrPDdmxFWaVzY2t3cTjn2B6Bb9yeiR1g2yidx
5t7IGmn3G6n/ALq1mW0rujCekuM/sIdSrM7sp+s46Xtz9NGGtyyXPZGS9eKara2HIi9ILuMjv3Ft
MsE4lqcC78YSu0QtbEnpOOj4bpxsjDNAx2Gto3j+lewSyH5XyanftW0yBjdSHnrjNbmbfkev6TYW
QxMFGMa0eAAH1LNQ56uVS4gCAIAgCAIAgCAIAgCAIAgCAIAgCAID/9T6pQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAE
AQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQGLxHrT/AOE9c/4b1u3+k99Y2foMj/0mUWQxhAEA
QBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQBAEAQH/9k=

------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C9285A.B97FADD0
Content-Type: image/jpeg
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Location: http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/hdg2library_e.jpg

/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAgAAZABkAAD/7AARRHVja3kAAQAEAAAARgAA/+4ADkFkb2JlAGTAAAAAAf/b
AIQABAMDAwMDBAMDBAYEAwQGBwUEBAUHCAYGBwYGCAoICQkJCQgKCgwMDAwMCgwMDQ0MDBERERER
FBQUFBQUFBQUFAEEBQUIBwgPCgoPFA4ODhQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQU
FBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQU/8AAEQgAEwHCAwERAAIRAQMRAf/EAIcAAQEBAAMBAQAAAAAAAAAA
AAAFBgIEBwMIAQEBAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwQCBQEQAAAGAQQBAgUEAwAAAAAAAAABAgMEBRES
EwYHITEUUSIjFRZBYTJCUiUIEQACAgEDAgQGAgMAAAAAAAAAAQIDESESBDFB8FFxMmGBkaETFLHB
QjMF/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwD9Pcz7dt+E8l5XUWjEQoUGjTc8ad0Okt55S0x9t89zCi3lf0JJ6S+I
9SnhxthFrOXLEv5/g827lSrnJPGkcrx6lDjXYVuh+VI53Y0sGFCqIFhPixSkNyokibpUZPJcNaSR
86UlhR+cfuOLePHT8ak220umHg7rvlrvaWEn6ZO3dd39c05R/wDcsSlvzk17hMqPDJ/Kbrizx/Bt
KiNRl+vy+vpxDg2y7dsnU+ZVHv3wXT7G4OmBOszvIxQK02EzpGT0tHLLLJK8f3I/Aj+tZlLa8v8A
ot+xXhvOiOcnsLhUPkjXEJN3Gb5I8pLaK81Ga9xwiNCDMiNKVKIywlR5PJfEFx7HDek9vmHfWpbM
6kvrHmdpzSJyN+0ZjsrqL6bTxijJWglR4qWjQpeta8rPWeTLBfsKcqmNTjjvFP6nHGudilntJo+P
V/Obbm35R91Zjs/ZLmTVxfapWjUwxjSpzWteVnnyZYL9h95VEatuP8opnPGulZuz2eDFR+7bCpm8
P/KLGjcoLz7su0uK4pKmG0QSVsEypaiPUatKFEaFZ9C8jW+CpKexSzHbhPHfqZlzHFx3OOHnLWex
6VJ7K4HDhQbGTfRG4Vmw9LgPGszS8zGSanTTgj8owZGn+WfGM+BgXGtbaUXlG18itJPK1OK+zeAt
20CiVfxStrNLC4UXUo1LKWlK2SM8YSbhKSaUrMjPJfEP1bdrlteF/Q/Yr3KOdWcJfaXX0GU9Clcg
ity470mO+zlRqQ7BTqfSoiSeNBeTM/A+ri2tZUX2+/Q+Pk1p4cvCLELlHH7GwaqoFgzIsHoaLRqO
0epRwnTIkPePGlRmWBKVU4rLWmcfMqrIt4T1xn5FcSKAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB5H3J1a7z+64bOjsk4xBnkxd+UlmtcNLqzPU
ZZwbWkiLPlfoPT4XK/DGafdaep53L435ZRfk9fQg8+655jdXXZMurrN+Nf1dbEqFb8dG89GcZU4n
C3EmjSSFeV4I/wBBfj8muMa037W89fiSv485SsaXuSwVeW8BvolH10riNK3LkcSmRJM2qQ8xFUsm
2UpWe6syQatSfmVkzP18iVPIi5Wb3jenr1KW0SUYbV7WtDE80657TsWucwK7jjMljl0its0yEWEd
GyuPhTkdKXDQalJUrGo9KdKTMsmZENlHJojsbl7Mrp9zLdx7nvSj7sPqWuYcL7Su+cx7VNS3KqKf
kkG1rDbnR4zC4LGFLyyREo3cp+o67lXoSEmnIjTfTGvGdXFp6Pr47fUpbTdKzONFJNa9jedQ8YvO
LwuVM3sX2jllySwsoRbjbu5EkJZJtz6alYzpP5VYV8SGLmWxscdr6RS+Zr4tcoKW5dZNmS66r+zu
D397XucK95RX3IHp67n7pDa9vEkOkg3NgjWtelBa9OSUfpjI1cmVNsYvfhxjjGH19TPx421ya2aS
lnOUZXjPXPZfFmOvbBPF02U3jRXZ2FaudDaLM/Wlktw3FpMzJWosEZfHA028mmx2LdhS24eH2M9f
Hthse3O3d3XcocT6a5NX2nWx31e1Irqdy2nXTaHWVsw3ZRbsZokqVleHEoztpURK/XHkTu5sHGza
9XtS+PmUq4k069y0Wc/DyO12DwntHkHK1yoVQ3Kpqy6rLSo25seIw5GitaHEqZwSlO505ddyaUp0
tkZeBzx76YQw3q4tPRvwvh9T7fTdOeUtE01r48dDU9fddqq5vY03llY003yS4sHGXnFsubtS+bhk
epClGglE6vKVYP4kM/I5O5VqD9qX1NFFG1zcl7m/oRP+aOM+zobPlbz7ksrR/wBjUyXyws6utM2W
sF50kpWrKS/xIV/6duZKHTGr9WS/51eIuXn09Ee6Dxz1QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACTynZ/Gbn3G3sexk7u
9u7WjaVnXsfU04/lt/Nj08itXvWPNE7PY/Qndc7P4NQ+29j7f2je19p3vY6fONn3H1cfHc+bOcjv
k5/JLOevfr9jjj/6106duhpxnLgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB/9k=

------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C9285A.B97FADD0
Content-Type: image/gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Location: http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/uparrow_e.gif

R0lGODlhSwAZAMQAAF+GrJWuyNfh6jdnl/L1+OTr8VJ7pUVxnq/C1aG4znqauqzV/4ikwSxfkm2Q
s3yv4rzM3Hqt4PX5//r8/4O26XCj1pPG+XOm2S5hlMrW4ypdkP///wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAAA
AAAALAAAAABLABkAAAX/4CaOZGmeaKqubOu+cCy/02zfbaUteO+LF42mwfsZYxGhEFM8OlUPpbT5
rI6iUiXRyqVkv1Tuz/ItS8TotHoNE2Te71shQxAR4Bk2IGsrDAwCIhlSB3VrAQAjbiIFAo4nGYEb
CRp5ghqMAwkbc5Ibd3OMdDiIIgoDBwYEAagDCiQEBgeuGwYaiZcjBwEItxoMGwJ/Qhu9BgOeMqUC
lQSarHcangkD0W6YI4MAALMFCAgZ2xsKiQGYBwzhDjelgyIAAaUblSPyle7ZGvEBBcUasongbXD3
bxswG6UKNHtWbVA/EQgaSsOXiwQAYA4SkdtgbsOuDRAQsMN1KtUqDbNePI2IlXIgtor1/vwJNgxT
rz0Q5HhaxBHAIxOR7FgSasLRnQ0MAmSgJurhE3lVKO3ZlKaRmDlO2WjdyrVECAA7

------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C9285A.B97FADD0
Content-Type: image/gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Location: http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/images/uparrowfoot.gif

R0lGODlhDwAPALMMACxfknyv4i5hlHqt4Pr8/3Cj1pPG+XOm2fX5/4O26azV/ypdkP///wAAAAAA
AAAAACH5BAEAAAwALAAAAAAPAA8AAAQokMlJq704680p6cWibMeyACM2mKaQVgErv1Iss+iU3Pxo
8EBEZziJAAA7

------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C9285A.B97FADD0
Content-Type: text/css;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Location: http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/css/ns.css

BODY {
	MARGIN-TOP: 6px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff
}
P {
	FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, =
sans-serif
}
UL {
	FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, =
sans-serif
}
LI {
	FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, =
sans-serif
}
OL {
	FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, =
sans-serif
}
DD {
	FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, =
sans-serif
}
DT {
	FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, =
sans-serif
}
.text {
	FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif
}
.textwhite {
	FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, =
sans-serif
}
.textblue {
	COLOR: #336699
}
HR {
	COLOR: #336699; HEIGHT: 1px
}
A:link {
	COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif
}
A:visited {
	COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif
}
A:hover {
	COLOR: #996633; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif
}
A.hide {
	DISPLAY: none
}
.menu1 {
	COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; =
BACKGROUND-COLOR: #000000
}
.menu2 {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, =
sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #cc0000
}
.menu {
	BACKGROUND-COLOR: #336699
}
A.menulnk:link {
	FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, =
sans-serif
}
A.menulnk:visited {
	FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, =
sans-serif
}
A.menulnk:hover {
	FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #996633; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, =
sans-serif
}
A.navlnk:link {
	FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, =
sans-serif
}
A.navlnk:visited {
	FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, =
sans-serif
}
A.navlnk:hover {
	FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #996633; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, =
sans-serif
}
A.smenulnk:link {
	FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, =
sans-serif
}
A.smenulnk:visited {
	FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, =
sans-serif
}
A.smenulnk:hover {
	FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, =
sans-serif
}
.small {
	FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif
}
H1 {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, =
Helvetica, sans-serif
}
H2 {
	FONT-SIZE: 1.2em; COLOR: #336699; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, =
sans-serif
}
H3 {
	FONT-SIZE: 1em; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif
}
H4 {
	FONT-SIZE: 1em; COLOR: #336699; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, =
sans-serif
}
H5 {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 1.2em; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial, helvetica, sans-serif
}
H6 {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 1.1em; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial, helvetica, sans-serif
}
BLOCKQUOTE {
	FONT-SIZE: x-small; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, =
sans-serif
}
.BLOCK_bleu {
	BORDER-RIGHT: #9999cc 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: #9999cc 1px solid; =
PADDING-LEFT: 7px; FONT-SIZE: 0.8em; PADDING-BOTTOM: 7px; BORDER-LEFT: =
#9999cc 1px solid; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-TOP: 4px; BORDER-BOTTOM: #9999cc =
1px solid; WHITE-SPACE: normal; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ececf8
}

------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C9285A.B97FADD0
Content-Type: text/css;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Location: http://ww4.ps-sp.gc.ca/css/1_ie.css

A:active {
	COLOR: #7e7e7e
}
A:link {
	COLOR: #7e7e7e
}
A:visited {
	COLOR: #7e7e7e
}
A:hover {
	TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
BODY {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; FONT-SIZE: small; BACKGROUND: =
#fff; PADDING-BOTTOM: 10px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000; PADDING-TOP: 10px; =
FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; voice-family: inherit
}
BODY {
	FONT-SIZE: small; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; =
voice-family: inherit
}
TABLE {
	FONT-SIZE: small; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; =
voice-family: inherit
}
H1 {
	FONT-SIZE: 130%
}
H2 {
	FONT-SIZE: 120%
}
H3 {
	FONT-SIZE: 110%
}
H4 {
	FONT-SIZE: 100%
}
H5 {
	FONT-SIZE: 90%
}
H6 {
	FONT-SIZE: 80%
}
INPUT.searchtext {
	FONT-SIZE: 70%; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #919191; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: =
#919191; WIDTH: 95%; COLOR: #7f7f7f; BORDER-TOP-STYLE: solid; =
BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #919191; BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: solid; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: =
solid; HEIGHT: 13px; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #919191; BORDER-BOTTOM-STYLE: =
solid
}
INPUT.searchbutton {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bolder; FONT-SIZE: 70%; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #7e7e7e; =
BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #7e7e7e; COLOR: #ffffff; BORDER-TOP-STYLE: solid; =
BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #7e7e7e; BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: solid; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: =
solid; HEIGHT: 19px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7e7e7e; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: =
#7e7e7e; BORDER-BOTTOM-STYLE: solid
}
TD.footer1a {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
TD.footer1b {
	FONT-SIZE: 75%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,sans-serif; =
TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
TD.footer1c {
	FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,sans-serif; =
TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
TABLE.firstlevel TR TD A:link {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; WIDTH: 145px; COLOR: #7e7e7e; =
FONT-FAMILY: verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
TABLE.firstlevel TR TD A:visited {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; WIDTH: 145px; COLOR: #7e7e7e; =
FONT-FAMILY: verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
TABLE.firstlevel TR TD A:active {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; WIDTH: 145px; COLOR: #7e7e7e; =
FONT-FAMILY: verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
TABLE.firstlevellit TR TD A:link {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; WIDTH: 145px; COLOR: #7e7e7e; =
FONT-FAMILY: verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
TABLE.firstlevellit TR TD A:visited {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; WIDTH: 145px; COLOR: #7e7e7e; =
FONT-FAMILY: verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
TABLE.firstlevellit TR TD A:active {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; WIDTH: 145px; COLOR: #7e7e7e; =
FONT-FAMILY: verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
TABLE.firstlevellit TR TD A:hover {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; WIDTH: 145px; COLOR: #7e7e7e; =
FONT-FAMILY: verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
TABLE.firstlevel TR TD A:hover {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; WIDTH: 145px; COLOR: #7e7e7e; =
FONT-FAMILY: verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
TABLE.secondlevel TR TD A:link {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
TABLE.secondlevel TR TD A:visited {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
TABLE.secondlevel TR TD A:active {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
TABLE.secondlevellit TR TD A:link {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
TABLE.secondlevellit TR TD A:visited {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
TABLE.secondlevellit TR TD A:active {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
TABLE.secondlevellit TR TD A:hover {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
TABLE.secondlevel TR TD A:hover {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
TABLE.thirdlevel TR TD A:link {
	PADDING-LEFT: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
TABLE.thirdlevel TR TD A:visited {
	PADDING-LEFT: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
TABLE.thirdlevel TR TD A:active {
	PADDING-LEFT: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
TABLE.thirdlevellit TR TD A:link {
	PADDING-LEFT: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
TABLE.thirdlevellit TR TD A:visited {
	PADDING-LEFT: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
TABLE.thirdlevellit TR TD A:active {
	PADDING-LEFT: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
TABLE.thirdlevellit TR TD A:hover {
	PADDING-LEFT: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
TABLE.thirdlevel TR TD A:hover {
	PADDING-LEFT: 20px; FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
.content {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 0.9em; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: =
Arial, verdana, helvetica, geneva, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
.footer {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 75%; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
TD.toolbar {
	BORDER-RIGHT: #ffffff 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: #ffffff 1px solid; =
FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; BORDER-LEFT: #ffffff 1px solid; =
COLOR: #ffffff; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ffffff 1px solid; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
.header1 {
	COLOR: #7e7e7e
}
.header2 {
	COLOR: #7e7e7e
}
.tophead {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #fb0000; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,sans-serif
}
A.topmenu:visited {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 0.95em; COLOR: #ffffff; TEXT-INDENT: 2px; =
FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.topmenu:active {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 0.95em; COLOR: #ffffff; TEXT-INDENT: 2px; =
FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.topmenu:link {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 0.95em; COLOR: #ffffff; TEXT-INDENT: 2px; =
FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.topmenu:hover {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 0.95em; COLOR: #ffffff; TEXT-INDENT: 2px; =
FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.bread:active {
	FONT-SIZE: 80%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,sans-serif; =
TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
A.bread:link {
	FONT-SIZE: 80%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,sans-serif; =
TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
SPAN.bread {
	FONT-SIZE: 80%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,sans-serif; =
TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
A.bread:visited {
	FONT-SIZE: 80%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,sans-serif; =
TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
A.bread:hover {
	FONT-SIZE: 80%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,sans-serif; =
TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.breadlit:visited {
	FONT-SIZE: 80%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,sans-serif; =
TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.breadlit:active {
	FONT-SIZE: 80%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,sans-serif; =
TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.breadlit:hover {
	FONT-SIZE: 80%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,sans-serif; =
TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.breadlit {
	FONT-SIZE: 80%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,sans-serif; =
TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.yearlit:visited {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.yearlit:active {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.yearlit:hover {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.yearlit:link {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.year:visited {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.year:active {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.year:hover {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.year:link {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
SPAN.thirdlevel {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 75%; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,arial,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.thirdlevel:visited {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 75%; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,arial,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.thirdlevel:active {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 75%; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,arial,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.thirdlevel:link {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 75%; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,arial,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.thirdlevel:hover {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 75%; COLOR: #c81f32; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,arial,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.thirdlevellit:visited {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 75%; COLOR: #c81f32; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,arial,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.thirdlevellit:active {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 75%; COLOR: #c81f32; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,arial,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.thirdlevellit:hover {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 75%; COLOR: #c81f32; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,arial,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.thirdlevellit:link {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 75%; COLOR: #c81f32; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,arial,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
SPAN.secondlevel {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 75%; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,arial,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.secondlevel:visited {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 75%; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,arial,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.secondlevel:active {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 75%; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,arial,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.secondlevel:link {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 75%; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,arial,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.secondlevel:hover {
	FONT-SIZE: 75%; COLOR: #c81f32; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,sans-serif; =
TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
A.secondlevellit:visited {
	FONT-SIZE: 75%; COLOR: #c81f32; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,sans-serif; =
TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
A.secondlevellit:active {
	FONT-SIZE: 75%; COLOR: #c81f32; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,sans-serif; =
TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
A.secondlevellit:hover {
	FONT-SIZE: 75%; COLOR: #c81f32; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,sans-serif; =
TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
A.secondlevellit:link {
	FONT-SIZE: 75%; COLOR: #c81f32; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,sans-serif; =
TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
A.print:visited {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 80%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
A.print:link {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 80%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
A.print:active {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 80%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.print:hover {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 80%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.graphic:visited {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 80%; COLOR: #496374; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
A.graphic:link {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 80%; COLOR: #496374; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
A.graphic:active {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 80%; COLOR: #767676; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.graphic:hover {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 80%; COLOR: #767676; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.footersections:visited {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 65%; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
A.footersections:link {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 65%; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
A.footersections:active {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 65%; COLOR: #496374; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.footersections:hover {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 65%; COLOR: #496374; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial,verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.sitefirstlevel:visited {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 80%; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,arial,sans-serif
}
A.sitefirstlevel:active {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 80%; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,arial,sans-serif
}
A.sitefirstlevel:hover {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 80%; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,arial,sans-serif
}
A.sitefirstlevel:link {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 80%; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,arial,sans-serif
}
A.sitesecondlevel:visited {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 78%; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,arial,sans-serif
}
A.sitesecondlevel:active {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 78%; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,arial,sans-serif
}
A.sitesecondlevel:hover {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 78%; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,arial,sans-serif
}
A.sitesecondlevel:link {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 78%; FONT-FAMILY: =
verdana,arial,sans-serif
}
.welcome {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 85%; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: =
arial,verdana,sans-serif
}
.btnTlbr {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: xx-small; WIDTH: 25px; FONT-FAMILY: =
Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; HEIGHT: 20px
}
.selTlbr {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: xx-small; BACKGROUND: #ffffff; COLOR: =
#000000; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif
}
.tdTlbr {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: x-small; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: =
Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #003399
}
A.rightnavitem:visited {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; WIDTH: 145px; COLOR: #7e7e7e; =
FONT-FAMILY: verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
A.rightnavitem:active {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; WIDTH: 145px; COLOR: #7e7e7e; =
FONT-FAMILY: verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
A.rightnavitem:link {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; WIDTH: 145px; COLOR: #7e7e7e; =
FONT-FAMILY: verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
SPAN.rightnavitem {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; WIDTH: 145px; COLOR: #7e7e7e; =
FONT-FAMILY: verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
A.rightnavitem:hover {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; WIDTH: 145px; COLOR: #7e7e7e; =
FONT-FAMILY: verdana,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none
}
A.rightnavheader:visited {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase; COLOR: =
#fb0000; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,sans-serif
}
A.rightnavheader:active {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase; COLOR: =
#fb0000; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,sans-serif
}
A.rightnavheader:link {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase; COLOR: =
#fb0000; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,sans-serif
}
SPAN.rightnavheader {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase; COLOR: =
#fb0000; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,sans-serif
}
A.rightnavheader:hover {
	FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase; COLOR: =
#fb0000; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,arial,sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: =
underline
}
A.notice:link {
	FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #0000ff
}
A.notice:visited {
	FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #0000ff
}
A.notice:active {
	FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #0000ff
}
.box_dkgreyhd {
	BORDER-RIGHT: #888888 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BORDER-TOP: =
#888888 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 4px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: =
100%; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1px; BORDER-LEFT: #888888 1px solid; COLOR: =
#ffffff; PADDING-TOP: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM: #888888 1px solid; =
BACKGROUND-COLOR: #888888
}
.box_ltblue {
	BORDER-RIGHT: #e1e2e4 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 4px; BORDER-TOP: =
#e1e2e4 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 4px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 4px; BORDER-LEFT: =
#e1e2e4 1px solid; COLOR: #000000; PADDING-TOP: 4px; BORDER-BOTTOM: =
#e1e2e4 1px solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #fafbfd
}
.homelink {
	FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; FONT-FAMILY: verdana,sans-serif; =
TEXT-DECORATION: underline
}
.tablink {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 85%; COLOR: #7e7e7e
}
.seealsolink {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 85%; COLOR: #7e7e7e; TEXT-DECORATION: =
underline
}
.seealsolink:hover {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 85%; COLOR: #7e7e7e
}
.seealsolink:visited {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 85%; COLOR: #7e7e7e
}
.seealsolink:active {
	FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 85%; COLOR: #7e7e7e
}
UL {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0.8em; LIST-STYLE-IMAGE: =
url(../images/bulletsm.gif); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px =
0.8em; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LIST-STYLE-TYPE: none
}
LI {
	PADDING-TOP: 0.4em
}
.homehead {
	BORDER-RIGHT: #b7bdc3 0px; BORDER-TOP: #b7bdc3 0px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; =
FONT-SIZE: 1.1em; BORDER-LEFT: #b7bdc3 0px; TEXT-INDENT: 1.3em; =
BORDER-BOTTOM: #b7bdc3 1px solid
}
.seealsohdr {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 4px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: =
0.8em; PADDING-BOTTOM: 4px; COLOR: #ffffff; LINE-HEIGHT: 0.8em; =
PADDING-TOP: 4px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #999999
}

------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C9285A.B97FADD0--
